Economic Relations between Turkey and Britain
1979–1983
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65074/ezg3xz35Keywords:
Turkey – Britain – Economic Relations.Abstract
Received: 2026 / 05 / 24
Revision: 2026 / 06 / 11
Accepted: 2026 / 08 / 16
Published: 2026 / 09 / 30
Economic relations between Britain and Turkey witnessed a qualitative shift, thanks to Ankara's move towards adopting a free-market economic system and export-led growth. Following a total trade paralysis due to the foreign exchange shortage crisis, British aid and programme loans transformed into a financial lifeline to rescue the Central Bank of Turkey from bankruptcy and secure essential goods. This partnership was reflected in a steady growth in the volume of trade, achieving a continuous surplus in favor of British industrial and electrical exports. In return, Turkey succeeded in bringing about a revolution in the structure of its exports to British markets.
References
1) The,National,Archives, Treaty Series 010/197, Exchange of Notes between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of Turkey amending the United Kingdom /Turkey ( Bosphorous Bridge ) Loan Agreement , 12-Nov-1970.
2) TNA, Treaty Series 005/1972: Cmnd4868, Exchange of Notes concerning a Loan by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the Government of the Republic of Turkey ( United Kingdom / Turkey Loan Agreement No. 2/1971 ), 6-Sep-1971.
3) TNA, Treaty Series TS 024/1980: Cmnd7827, Exchange of Notes concerning a Loan by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the Government of the Republic of Turkey ( The United Kingdom / Turkey Loan 1979 ), 21-Sep-1979.
4) TNA, Treaty Series TS 015/1981: Cmnd8194, Exchange of Notes concerning a Loan by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the Government of the Republic of Turkey ( The United Kingdom / Turkey ( Ankara Water Project ) Loan 1980 ), 19-Dec-1980.
5) TNA, Treaty Series TS 004/1982: Cmnd8448, Exchange of Notes concerning a Loan by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the Government of the Republic of Turkey (The United Kingdom/Turkey Programme Loan 1981) 20-Jul-1981.
6) TNA, Treaty Series TS 040/1982: Cmnd8655, Exchange of Notes between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of Turkey extending the United Kingdom/Turkey Programme Loan 1980, 19-Jan-1982.
7) TNA ,Treaty Series TS 044/1983: Cmnd8997, Exchange of Notes between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of Turkey constituting the United Kingdom/Turkey Project Aid Loan 1983, 3-May-1983.
وثائق وزارة الخارجية وشؤون الكمنولث:
1) Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO). (1980). United Kingdom / Turkey Loan 1979 (Ankara, 21 September 1979).
2) Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO). (1981). United Kingdom / Turkey Project Loan 1980 (Ankara, 19 December 1980).
3) Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO). (1982). United Kingdom / Turkey Programme Loan 1981 (Ankara, 20 July 1981).
ثانيا: الكتب باللغة الإنكليزية :
1) Şenses, F. Trade Liberalization and Competitive Structure in Turkey. In Liberalization in the Process of Economic Development , London, Palgrave Macmillan ،1994 .
2) Çağlar Keyder, State and Class in Turkey: A Study in Capitalist Development, Verso Books, London,1987 .
3) George S. Harris, The Troubled Alliance: Turkish-American Relations in an International Context, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy John W. R. Taylor , Jane's All the World's Aircraft (1982-1983 Edition), Jane's Publishing Company, London, 1982 ,
4) Merih Celasun and Dani Rodrik, Debt, Stabilization, and Development: Essays on the Economic History of Turkey, University of Chicago Press / National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Chicago,1990.
5) David Barchard, Turkey and the West, Routledge,2008 .
6) Kirkpatrick, C., & Öniş, Z. Structural Adjustment and Commercial Policy in Turkey. In Structural Adjustment and Agricultural Policy 1898.
ثالثا: الكتب باللغة التركية:
1) Şevket Pamuk, Uneven Centuries: Economic Development of Turkey Since 1820, Princeton University Press,2018 .
رابعا: المجلات والبحوث:
1) Central Statistical Office (CSO). (1984). Annual Abstract of Statistics (No. 120, 1984 Edition). London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO). ISBN: 978.
2) Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (1982). OECD Economic Surveys: Turkey (April 1982 Volume). Paris: OECD Publishing. ISBN: 978-92-64-12301-4. ISSN: 0376-6438.
3) National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR). (1981). National Institute Economic Review (No. 95, February 1981). London: SAGE Publications. ISSN: 0027-9501.
4) International Monetary Fund (IMF). (1980). International Financial Statistics (December 1980 Issue). Washington, D.C.: IMF Publication Services. ISSN: 0020-6725
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