Robert Lansing, his legal and intellectual activities in the United States of America until 1914.
Keywords:
روبرت لانسينغ – القانون الدولي – التحكيم الدولي.Abstract
Robert Lansing was historically known as the US Secretary of State under President Woodrow Wilson from 1915 to 1920, the most prominent position he held in his career. However, his work in the years preceding that date was no less important than the position of Secretary of State, his specialization in the field of law allowed him to work as a legal advisor in many American committees that defended the rights and interests of the United States of America in international arbitration cases. His experience gained in that field qualified him to participate in the founding of the American Society of International Law, of which he became a prominent member since 1906. He dedicated his membership in the society to give many speeches, in which he expressed his views on the federal system of the United States and its impact on its foreign policy. The historical frame of the research ends when Robert Lansing taking up the post of advisor in the US State Department in 1914.
References
أولا : الوثائق المنشورة :
1- Address of Mr. Robert Lansing of Watertown,N.Y, Proceedings of the American Society of International Law at its Annual Meeting, Vol. 2, Published by Cambridge University Press, 1908.
2-Behring Sea Claims Commission, Record of Evidence Taken at Victoria, British Columbia, by The Commissioners, Under the Convention of February 8, 1896, between Great Britain and The United States, Vol. I.
3-Bering Sea Claims Commission, Record of proceedings before the commissioners under the convention of February 8, 1896 at Montreal, June 16, 1897 and at Halifax, August 25 to September 29, 1897.
4- F.R.U.S., Memorandum from Mr. Foster to Mr. Gresham, August 17, 1893. Agency of The United States, Paris. Department of State, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C, 1894 ,Appendix I.
5- F.R.U.S. , Department of State, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C, 1896.
6- F.R.U.S., Memorandum from Mr. Day to Sir Julian Pauncefote. Settlement of Bering Claims Award, No. 1054, Washington, June 15, 1898. Department of State, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C, 1898.
7- F.R.U.S., Papers relating to the foreign relations of the United States, with the annual message of the president transmitted to Congress December 7, 1903, Memorandum from Mr. Lansing to Mr. Sifton, Washington, July 1, 1903, Department of State, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C, 1904.
8- Proceedings of the American Society of International Law at Its Annual Meeting 1907, Vol. 1, Published by Cambridge University Press, 1907.
9- Proceedings of the American Society of International Law at its annual meeting 1910, Vol.4, Published by Cambridge University Press, 1910.
10-Proceedings of the American Society of International Law at Its Annual Meeting , April 1912, Vol. 6, Published by Cambridge University Press, 1912.
11- The Lansing Papers, The Alaskan Boundary Tribunal in Session at London in 1903, Written 1904, The collections of the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Box. 6, Folder. 4, Princeton, New Jersey.
12- The Lansing Papers, Nationality and The Present Balkan Situation, Written 1909, The collections of the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Box. 9, Folder. 14, Princeton, New Jersey.
ثانياً : الرسائل والأطاريح :
13- Hartig, Thomas Henry, Robert Lansing: An Interpretive Biography. Modern History Ph.D. Dissertation. Ohio State University, 1974.
14-Shafer, K. A., The Congress of Berlin of 1878: Its Origins and Consequences. A Thesis Master of Arts in History. Portland State University, 1989.
ثالثاً : الكتب :
15- Alverstone, Viscount., Recollections of Bar and Bench, Longmans, Green & Co, New York, 1914.
16- Amorosa, Paolo, Rewriting the History of the Law of Nations: How James Brown Scott Made Francisco de Vitoria the Founder of International Law.: Oxford University Press, New York, 2019.
17- Ballard, Edward Goodwin, Philosophy and The Liberal Arts. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1989.
18- Brown, Robert Craig, Canada's National Policy 1883-1900: A Study in Canadian-American Relations, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1964.
19- Corning, A. Elwood., Hamilton Fish, The Lanmere Publishing Company, New York, 1918.
20- Foster, John W., Diplomatic Memoirs, Vol. 2, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1909.
21- Gutman, David E., The Politics of Armenian Migration to North America, 1885–1915, Edinburgh University Press Ltd, Edinburgh, Scotland, 2019.
22- Hueglin, T. O., Early Modern Concepts for a Late Modern World, Althusius on Community and Federalism, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, Waterloo, Ontario, 1999.
23- Ilbert, C. P. ,Montesquieu, Oxford University Press, London, 1904.
24- Mack, E. ,John Locke, Continuum International Publishing Group, New York, 2008.
25-Mihalkanin, Edward S. (Editor), American Statesmen : Secretaries of State from John Jay to Colin Powell. Greenwood Press, London, 2004.
26- Monroe, Joel H., Through Eleven Decades of History, Hungerford -Holbrook Co, Watertown, N. Y, 1911.
27- Neu, Charles E., An Uncertain Friendship: Theodore Roosevelt and Japan, 1906-I909, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1967.
28- Newmyer, R. K., Supreme Court Justice: Joseph Story. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 1986.
29-Thayer, William Roscoe., The life and letters of John Hay (Vol. I), Constable & Co. Limited, London, 1915.
30-Utley, Robert M., High Noon in Lincoln Violence on the Western Frontier, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1987.
31-Wei, William., Asians in Colorado: A History of Persecution and Perseverance in the Centennial State, University of Washington Press, Seattle, 2016.
رابعاً : البحوث والمجلات الأكاديمية :
32- American Society of International Law. (1907, January). American Journal of International Law, Vol. 1, No. 1, Published by American Society of International Law, Washington DC.
33- Bishop, J. W. (1965, May). Digest of International Law by Marjorie M. Whiteman, (a reviewed book). Michigan Law Review, Vol. 63, No. 7, Published by The Michigan Law Review Association, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.
34- Brown, J. S. (1894). Fur Seals and The Bering Sea Arbitration. Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York, Vol. 26, No. 1, Published by Taylor & Francis, Ltd., Oxfordshire, UK.
35-Canale, Joshua. (2019). "When a State Abounds in Rascals”: New York’s Revolutionary Era Committees for Public Safety, 1775–1783. Journal of the Early Republic، Vol. 39, No.2, Published by University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
36-Carroll, F. M. (1987, May). Robert Lansing and the Alaskan Boundary Settlement. The International History Review, Vol. 9, No. 2, Published by Taylor & Francis, Ltd., Oxfordshire, UK.
37-Foster, J. W. (1895, December). Results of The Bering Sea Arbitration. The North American Review, Vol. 661, No. 469, Published By University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa.
38-Green, S. A., Dexter, F. B., & De Normandie, J. (1901 - 1902). Manuscripts of Jonathan Edwards; Jonathan Edwards at Portsmouth. Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Vol. 15, Published by Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, Massachusetts.
39-Knowlton, J. C. (1907, March). Thomas McIntyre Cooley. Michigan Law Review, Vol. 5, No. 5, Published by The Michigan Law Review Association, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.
40-Lansing, R. (1913). A Definition of Sovereignty. Proceedings of the American Political Science Association, Tenth Annual Meeting, Vol. 10, Published by Cambridge University Press.
41-Lansing, R. (1907, Jan - Apr). Notes on Sovereignty in a State. The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 1, No. 1, Published by American Society of International Law, Washington DC.
42-Lansing, R. (1907, April). Notes on Sovereignty in a State. Part 2. The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 1, No. 2, Published by American Society of International Law, Washington DC.
43-Lansing, R. (1904). The Questions Settled by the Award of the Alaskan Boundary Tribunal. Bulletin of the American Geographical Society, Vol. 36, No. 2, Published by Taylor & Francis, Ltd., Oxfordshire, UK.
44-Necrology. (1913). Proceedings of the New York State Historical Association, Vol. 12, Published by New York State Historical Association.
45-Scott, James Brown. (Jan, 1929). In Memoriam-Robert Lansing. The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 23, No. 1, Published by American Society of International Law, Washington DC.
46-Strauss, L. l. (1950, September). Oscar S. Straus: An Appreciation. The American Jewish Historical Society, Vol. 40, No. 1, New York.
47-The American Society of International Law. (1915, July). The Appointment of Mr. Robert Lansing as Secretary of State. The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 9, No. 3, Published by American Society of International Law, Washington DC.
48-The Graduates of Amherst College. (October- June, 1911-1912). Amherst Graduates' Quarterly, Amherst, Massachusetts.
49-Williams, W. (1943, October). Reminiscences of the Bering Sea Arbitration. The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 37, No. 4, Published by American Society of International Law, Washington DC.
خامساً : الصحف :
50- The Montgomery Advertiser (Newspaper), (1 November , 1903), Montgomery, Alabama State.
51- The Sun (Newspaper), (1914, March 21), Manhattan, New York.
سادساً : المؤتمرات :
52- International Conference on Bodin. (1973). Jean Bodin. Munchen: Oskar Beck Publications.
سابعاً : المواقع الإلكترونية :
Wikipedia. (2024). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lenz_(cyclist). 8 December, 2024, from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lenz_(cyclist)
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licensing:
For all articles published in Journal of Studies in History and Archeology, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers: It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Al-Adab Journal cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.
