عقود التبني في العصر البابلي القديم
Abstract
ان جميع الوثائق القانونية (العقود) التي جاءت من جنوب بلاد الرافدين خلال المدة التي سبقت العصر الاكدي (2370- 2230 ق.م) كانت لغتها سومرية بحتة ، ومع قدوم الاقوام الاكدية وتأسيس الامبراطورية الاكدية بدأ العصر الاكدي وانتشر استخدام اللغة الاكدية واتخذت لغة رسميه الى جانب اللغة السومرية واخذت الوثائق القانونية تحمل في طياتها مزيجاً من المفردات السومرية والاكدية[i].
وخلال العصر البابلي القديم بقي استخدام اللغة السومرية في كتابة الوثائق القانونية بشكل اوسع الى جانب بعض المفردات الاكدية ، وتختلف تبعا لمكان وزمان كتابة النص ، فمعظم الوثائق التي جاءتنا من جنوب بابل كتبت بلغة سومرية بحتة ومع ذلك فقد تم العثور على الكثير من الوثائق ذات صياغة اكدية في كثير من فقراتها . بينما كانت الوثائق المكتشفة في وسط وشمال بلاد بابل غالبا ما تكون ذات صياغة اكدية في معظم فقراتها ،بل ان بعضها يرد بصيغة اكدية بحتة .
[i] - سليمان ، عامر، القانون في العراق القديم,ط2,دار الشؤون الثقافية,( بغداد, 1987). ، ص 120 .
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