Military aspects and their impact during the Umayyad state (64-99 AH / 705-717 AD) state and its political developments through the book Tarikh al-Salihi by Ibn Wasil (697 A.H. / 1298 A.D.)

Abstract

It is no secret to the students of military history that after the martyrdom of Imam Ali, may God’s prayers be upon him, the Arabian Peninsula did not witness any kind of stability, whether on the military or political level, so the Umayyads, in cooperation with the people of the Levant, began to dominate the Islamic caliphate after its transfer to Imam al-Hasan, may God’s prayers be upon him, under the pretext of taking the revenge of the caliph Othman bin Affan, may God’s prayers be upon him. The imam abdicated the caliphate in order to spare the blood of the Muslims and the reconciliation that took place between the two parties. Whatever the matter, the Umayyads exaggerated the lethality of their opponents from the sons of the Companions, until the matter came to the killing of many of them, and after that they saw the need to expand their influence through military operations in order to defend their borders, and improve their fortresses, represented by Byzantium, and they also sought to select governors to rule in their name They are aware of and believe in the authority of their rulers, and this authority has resulted in monopolizing the rule and tailoring the laws according to their desires, moving away from the principle of Shura and the equality that permeated it.