مُطبَق مدينة الزهراء الأندلسية ( 336-399هـ/947-1008م) (( دراسة تأريخية ))

Abstract

Our research deals with this topic (MutbiqAndalusia Al-Zahra city 336-399/947 AH / 1008AD.) which is a historical study.It is a historical study that sheds light on the most important punitive and disciplinary institution in Andalusia during the reign of the two Caliphs Abdul Rahman al-Nasir (300-350AH / 912-961) and al-Mustansir rule (350AH -366AH / 951-976AD) and the era of Al-Hujaba al-Ameria.It is Al-Zahra city prison, which is called Al-Mutbiq (very closed). It is named Al-Mutbiq because it is closed on those in it because it is under the ground, solid construction, strong, tight-fenced and very dark.Al-Zahra Mutbiqprison  was established by order of the Caliph Abdul Rahman al-Nasser when he ordered in the year 336 AH / 947 AD to build the city of Al-Zahra, which was established as a park for the caliph and his entourage, but this city contained a very harsh prison known as the Al-Zahra Mutbiq and became a major part of the city’s planning and important urban facilities for its  decisive role in the period of the Andalusia history.

It was considered one of the most important punitive and disciplinary institutions in Andalusia during the rule of the two caliphs, Abd al-Rahman al-Nasir, his son al-Hakam al-Mustansir and the era of al-Hujaba (366-399 AH / 976-1008 AD).

The importance of the topic highlights that thisMutbiq has occupied a great position despite the presence of prisons in the city of Cordoba, the capital very close to it. So, Al-Zahraa Mutbiq was devoted to senior political and administrative figures and opponents, as well as scholars and intellectuals who raised unrest with their intellectual opinions and people whose actions and sayings are not consistent with customs and social traditions and the vision of authority for society.

This Mutbiq was distinguished by features and characteristics that were not in the rest of Andalusia's prisons, including that the arrest and release of the detainee therein is carried out by order of the Caliph himself exclusively, and  distinguished by its cruelty, severity, and distress, so that the detainee was shackled to handcuffs and shackles for the duration of his stay in it and distinguished by the deep darkness that is not known In it whether it is night or day. All the arts of torture, humiliation, and humiliation were used, as well as close guarding it and close to the governor's residence to supervise it himself. Al-Zahra Mutbiq had a number of employees and workers in it.The most important of these jobs is the job of the oppressor , the person who undertakes the torture and humiliation of prisoners, and this function distinguishes its existence by Al-Zahra Mutbiq exclusively to other prisons in Andalusia, and is characterized by the presence of a place designated for carrying out the death penalty. The role of this Mutbiq was ended in 399 AH / 1008AD) by burning and demolishing it by the Berbers and no longer mentioned in historical sources.