(An analytical study of the Ashkar (ÉŠ.GÀR) in the light of the Seeb texts
Keywords:
دراسة, تحليل, اشكال, نصوصAbstract
The term Ishkarah is applied in all of Iraq to a small piece of land that is allocated or donated by the owner of the land to a person for planting and benefiting from it free of charge. In the northern regions of Iraq, the term also gives another meaning, as it is used to refer to a small piece of land that is cultivated with grain by its owners (it is called the chakra of the land, i.e. to reduce and minimize). It became clear through the cuneiform texts in which the term ÉŠ.GÀR) was mentioned within this study and previous studies dating back to different eras of Mesopotamian civilization that this term has several meanings and interpretations in each era and according to its occurrence in the text, its nature, content and type in which the term is mentioned.
References
( ) ابو الحسين , احمد بن فارس بن زكريا القزويني الرازي, مقايس اللغة , (ت 395هــ) , تحقيق : عبد السلام محمد هارون , دار الفكر , د.ط , 1399هــ/ 1999 , ص3/208.
( ) الزمخشري , ابو القاسم محمود بن عمرو , أساس البلاغة , (ت 538هــ) , تحقيق : محمد باسل عيون السود , دار الكتابة العلمية , بيروت , لبنان , ط1 , 1419هـ/ 1998 , 1/516
( ) ابو منصور , محمد بن احمد بن الازهري الهروي , تهذيب اللغة ,(ت: 370 ه) , تحقيق: محمد عوض مرعب , بيروت , 2001 , ص 456 .
( ) احمد مختار عمر , معجم اللغة العربية المعاصر ,الجزء:2 , القاهرة , 2008 , ص 1225
( ) احمد مختار عمر , المصدر نفسه .
( ) سورة سباء : الاية: 13 .
( ) طه باقر , من تراثنا اللغوي , بغداد , 1980 , ص 45 .
( )https://forum.wordrefrence.com
( ) CAD , I , p . 244 .
( ) Ibid , p.245 .
( ) الجبوري , علي ياسين , قاموس اللغة السومرية – الاكدية – العربية , ابو ظبي , 2016 , ص 260 .
( ) KAV , 99 : 23 .
( ) ND , 2727 , 9 – 11 .
( ) ABL , 557 , 10 – 13.
( ) CDA , p . 133 .
( ) DSL , No : 720 .
( ) DSL , No : 720
( )الجبوري , علي ياسين , قاموس اللغة السومرية.... , المصدر السابق , ص 261 .
( ) SL , p . 33 .
( ) CAD , I , p . 244 .
( ) TCAE , p . 100 .
( ) HSS , 13 , p . 274 : 11 .
( )الجبوري , علي ياسين , قاموس اللغة السومرية ... , المصدر السابق , ص 259 .
( ) CAD , Q , p . 205 .
( ) SL , p . 34 .
( )الجبوري , علي ياسين , قاموس اللغة السومرية.... , المصدر السابق , ص 260 .
( ) AHw , p . 5 .
( ) SL , p . 21 .
( ) CDA , p . 7 .
( )الجبوري , علي ياسين , قاموس اللغة الاكدية - العربية ..., المصدر السابق , ص 566 .
( ) المصدر نفسه , ص 42 .
( ) OIP , 99 , p . 62 - 71 .
( ) Ibid , NO: 494 .
( ) OIP , 99 , 495 .
( ) Ibid ,NO: 494 .
( ) CAD , I , p . 244 .
( ) BIN , 08 , 144 .
( ) HSS , 10 , 27 .
( ) TMH , 5, 147 .
( ) CUSAS , 13 ,NO: 40 .
( ) Ibid ,NO: 71 .
( ) Ibid , 19 ,NO: 103 .
( ) Ibid , 13 , NO:154 .
( ) Ibid,NO: 94 .
( ) Ibid,NO: 40 .
( ) Ibid, NO:88 .
( ) SL , p . 15.
( )Sallaberger, W., Der Kultische Kalender der Ur III- zeib , Berlin,1993, p.10.
وحسب راي الباحث سولبرجر هو الشهر (13) من تقويم التاجر تورام – ايلي , ينظر :
الجنابي , جاسم عبد الامير جاسم , نصوص مسمارية غير منشورة من ارشيف التاجر تورام – ايلي (2046 – 2004 ق.م ) , رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة ,جامعة بغداد , 2014 , ص 116 .
اما الباحث فيدل فيضع تسلسله (14) , ينظر :
Widell, M., .,"The UR III calendar (s) of Turam- ili", Cuneiform Digital Library Journal, CDLJ,2003,p.1.
يعني اسم الشهر (وضع اليد) , ينظر: الجنابي , جاسم عبد الامير جاسم , المصدر السابق , ص 136 .
( ) BPOA , 6 , 86 .
( ) CAD , I , p . 245 .
( ) YOS , 4 , 203 .
( ) AbB,2 , p . 4 , NO : 5 .
وللمزيد حول الموضوع , ينظر : الجبوري , سالم يحيى خلف , بعض الوظائف الادارية من العصر البابلي القديم , رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة , جامعة الموصل , 2001 , ص 59 .
( ) CAD , I , p . 245 .
( ) Ali,F.A ., Sumerian Letters: Tow Collections from the old Babylonian Schools, Pennsylvania,1964, Pl : 59 .
( ) CAD , I , p . 245 .
( ) CAD , I , p.246 .
( ) ARM , 14 ,81 .
( ) CAD , I , p . 246.
( ) Ibid .
( ) Ibid .
( ) Ibid .
( ) CAD , I , p .246 .
( ) RA , 102 , 6515 .
( ) CT , 44 .60 .
( ) HSS , 13 , 274 : 11 .
( ) Ibid , 15 , 171 : 8 .
( ) CAD , I , p . 247 .
( ) Ibid , p . 248.
( ) BE , 14 . 60 : 3 .
( ) KAV , 100 : 14, 17 .
( ) النعيمي , هيفاء احمد عبد الحاج محمد , الضرائب في بلاد الرافدين في ضوء المصادر المسمارية , اطروحة دكتوراه غير منشورة , جامعة بغداد , 2018 , ص 152 .
( )الجبوري , علي ياسين , قاموس اللغة السومرية.... , المصدر السابق , ص 260 .
( ) TCAE , p . 105 .
( ) SAA ,1 , p . 40 .
( ) TCAE , p . 95 .
( ) Ibid . .
( ) ADD . 927 .
( ) ND , 2727 . 105 .
( ) Dezsõ , T ,. The Aššyrian Army , London , 2012 , pp . 27 – 28 .
( ) Parpola , S ., and Veysel , D ., Neo – Assyrian Legal Texts in Istanbul Saarbrucker , 2001 , p .144 .
( ) CAD , I , p . 245 .
( ) Ibid .
( ) Ibid, p . 247 .
( ) Ibid, p . 245 .
( ) YOS , 7 , 69 : 10 .
( ) CAD , I , p . 249.
( ) CAD , I , p . 249 .
( ) Ibid .
( )OBTM , NO : 124 .
( ) ينظر النصوص ذات التسلسلات (12 – 14) من الاطروحة .
( ) ينظر النصوص ذات التسلسلات (3 , 4 , 8 , 11) من الاطروحة .
( )OBTM , NO : 112 , 113 .
( ) ينظر النص رقم (3) من الاطروحة .
( )OBTM , NO : 52 . 60 . 61
( ) ينظر النص رقم (16) من الاطروحة .
( )OBTM , NO : 58
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licensing:
For all articles published in Journal of Studies in History and Archeology, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers: It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Al-Adab Journal cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.
