جهود الدولة العثمانية في مساندة مسلمي إمارة هرر الإسلامية

ضد مملكة الحبشة المسيحية وحليفتها البرتغال في القرن العاشر الهجري / السادس عشر الميلادي

Abstract

The East African region in the tenth century AH / sixteenth century AD witnessed important developments at the political and military levels, especially in the relationship of the Islamic powers with the Christian Kingdom of Abyssinia, at a time when the Christian Kingdom of Abyssinia was subject to the increasing threats of the Islamic powers, it was subject to the Portuguese ambitions that had expanded in the region since the beginning of the tenth century AH / sixteenth century AD; to dominate the maritime trade areas, and in the meantime the Ottomans began to focus on supporting their presence in the Red Sea The Ottomans found in support of the Muslims of the Islamic Emirate of Harar and the Islamic powers in East Africa a valuable opportunity to strengthen their presence in the Red Sea region on the one hand, and prevent the expansion of the Portuguese in the Islamic coasts and their alliance with the Christian Kingdom of Abyssinia on the other hand, so the Ottomans allied with the Muslims of the Islamic Emirate of Harar, provided them with military and economic aid, and sent their naval fleets to the Red Sea, and the The eastern coasts of Africa, as they effectively controlled the western coasts of the Red Sea, and established what was known as the "Abyssinian Province", and thanks to the Ottoman support, the Islamic forces in East Africa were able to face the Abyssinian-Portuguese threats, and those supplies also confirmed the role of the Ottoman Empire as the protector of Islam and Muslims in that region from the Portuguese Crusader plans in reaching the holy places in the Hejaz, which helped to strengthen its influence in the region, and stop the Portuguese tide. and the protection of the Muslim peoples in the East African region. This study seeks to clarify the nature of the role of the Ottomans and their efforts in supporting the Muslims of the Islamic Emirate of Harar against both the Christian Kingdom of Abyssinia and its ally Portugal, and to clarify the impact of this in supporting their policy in the Red Sea to confront the increasing Portuguese influence in its coasts, in light of the events that the East African region went through, and to analyze it historically, in addition to revealing the foundations and foundations from which this policy was launched in the establishment of the Abyssinian state. Keywords : East Africa, Abyssinia, Portugal, Abyssinian Province, Suakin, Massaw, Harar, Ottoman Empire.