المعدات العسكرية للجيش الروماني من 300 ق.م -284 م

Authors

  • Zainab Salman Sabe University of Baghdad, College of Arts

Keywords:

المعدات الرومانية, الأدوات العسكرية, روما

Abstract

When the most powerful empires in the ancient world are mentioned, the Roman Empire comes at the forefront of those forces , and this is due to the strength of its organized and trained army,which provided it with capabilities that made it a human power with its military equipment and war technologies that enabled them to win most of their battles, and this has been clear since the beginning of the formation of the republic in 509 and the beginning of the establishment of the empire in 33 BC, and its expansion in the ancient world.

In this research paper, we review those military equipment and tools for the land and naval forces and their personal equipment, which were made and the first  uses  and understanding of how they work and their purpose, which contributed to the victory of the Romanian army in  most land and naval battles and gave them preference in wars and victory.

References

( )D,Amato,Raffael , imperial Roman Naval forces 31BC-AD500,(Britan ,osprey, 2009), p.3

( )Erdkamp ,paul, Acompanion to the Roman Army,(Blackwell publishing 2007),p.220.

( ) Devries, Kelly and Robert Douglas smith , medieval military technologe ,(Unversity of toronto press, 2012),p.3

( )D,Amato, imperial Roman Naval forces,p.4.

( )Ipid ,p.16.

( )Gurstelle ,William, the art of catapult,(Chicago Review Press,2004),pp.6-7.

( )Erdkamp , Acompanion to the Roman Army,p.92.

( )Southeren , pat , the Roman Army Asocial and in stiutional History,( England ,oxford,2006),p.213.

( ) Kindrd , Jeff, Artillery an illustrated history of its impact ,(England,oxford,2007),p.14.

( )Champman , Evan M, Acatalogue of Roman military Equipment in the National Museum of wales ,(Bar British series 388, 2005),p.53.

( )Warry,John , war far in the chassical world,(University of loklanoma press Norman , (2004),p.178.

( ) Kindrd , Artillery an illustrated history of its impact ,p.15.

( )Adkins, Lesley and Roy A.Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome (New york, 2004),p.92.

( )Champman ,Acatalogue of Roman military,p.53.

( ) Kindrd , Artillery an illustrated history of its impact,p.15.

( )Champman ,Acatalogue of Roman military,p.53.

( )Kindrd , Artillery an illustrated history of its impact,p.18.

( )Lonk tree, Asynopsis of Roman Antiaritles,p.164-165.

( )Kindrd , Artillery an illustrated history of its impact,p.18-19.

( )Warry, war far in the chassical world,p.178.

( )Campbel,Duncan B, Greek and Roman Artillery 339BC-AD363,(osprey, 2003),p.5.

( )Campbel, Greek and Roman Artillery , p.3-4.d

( )Devries, medieval military technologe,p.118.

( )Champman ,Acatalogue of Roman military,p.47.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.91.

( )Southeren, the Roman Army Asocial and in stiutional History,p.217.

( )Bishop, m.c and J.c.n. couston , Roman military Equipment from punic wars to the fall of Rome ,(oxbow book ,oxfoed, 2009),p.88.

( )Campbel,Duncan B,siege warfare in the Roman world 146BC-AD378,(osprey publishing , 2005),p.29.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.89.

( )Bishop, m.c, the pilum in the Roman Havy Javeil,(osprey publishing ,2007),p. 4,P6-8.

( )Warry, war far in the chassical world,p.113.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.89.

( )Connolly ,peter, Greek and Roman at waer(green hill books,stackpole books ,2006),p.233.

( )Goldsworthy, Adrian , the complete Roman Army ,(thames @Hundson ),p.139.

( )Southeren, the Roman Army Asocial and in stiutional History,p.211.

( )Andrson ,Duncan , the Roman Army of the principate 27BC-AD117,(osprey, 2009),p.28.

( )Goldsworthy,the complete Roman Army,p.138.

( )Ford , Roger and others , weopon Avisual history of Arms and armore (DK,Dorling-kindesley ,2007),p.45,

( )Bishop,the pilum in the Roman Havy Javeil,p.73.

( )O,bryan,John ,Ahistory of wepons,( John O,bryan,2013),p.68.

( )Champman ,Acatalogue of Roman military,p.21.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.91.

( )Southeren, the Roman Army Asocial and in stiutional History,p.212.

( )Andrson , the Roman Army of the principate,P.29.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.91

( )Bishop, m.c, the Spatha the Roman long sword

( )Andrson , the Roman Army of the principate,P.31.

( )Bishop, the Spatha ,p.10.

( )Champman ,Acatalogue of Roman military,pp.21-22.

( Simkins،Michael، Roman Army from Caesar to Trajan،(Osprey Publishing،1974)p.24.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.90.

( )Bishop, Roman military,p. 83.

( )Goldsworthy,the complete Roman Army,p.186.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.82.

( )Campbel,siege warfare in the Roman world,p.32.

( )Devries, medieval military technologe,p.170.

( )Campbel,siege warfare in the Roman world,p.45.

( )Connolly ,peter,Les Legiones Romans ,(grupo anage comerical,1992),p.63.

( )Lonk tree,John,Asynopsis of Roman Antiaritles,pp.163-164.

( )Connolly , Les Legiones Romans,p.66.

( )Lonk tree,John,Asynopsis of Roman Antiaritles,p.165.

( )M.A,John Hendrson ,(tornto ,1890),p.124.

( )Connolly , Les Legiones Romans,p.63.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.92

( )Champman ,Acatalogue of Roman military,p.58.

( )O,bryan,John ,Ahistory of wepons,p.69.

( )Smith,W, Adictinory of Greek and Roman antigutied,(oxford,1848),p.707.

( )ibd,p.518.

( )Southeren, the Roman Army Asocial and in stiutional History,p.159.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.92.

( )Bishop, Roman military,p.p115-116.

( )D,Amato,Raffaele,imperial Roman Naval forces 31BC-AD500,(osprey, 2009),p.34.

( )Bishop, Roman military,p.116.

( )Smith,Michael, the Roman Army from Caesar to Trajan,(osprey, 1974),pp.13,17.

( )خالد نوّاف كيوان، رايات الفرق العسكرية على المسكوكات السورية في العصر الروماني، قسم الأثار، كلّية الآداب والعلوم الآنسانية، جامعة حلب، العدد106، 2016

( )Connolly , Les Legiones Romans,p.12.

( )Devries, medieval military technologe,p.55.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.85.

( )Sim and J.Kamirnsri, Roman imperial Armour the prouduct ,(oxford,Uk,2012),p.5.

( )Champman ,Acatalogue of Roman military,p.60.

( )Connolly , Greek and Roman at waer,p.233.

( )Ford, weopon Avisual history,p.46.

( )Champman ,Acatalogue of Roman military,p90.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.84.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.92.

( )Champman ,Acatalogue of Roman military,p.92.

( )Erdkamp , Acompanion to the Roman Army,p,90.

( )Sim, Roman imperial,p.111-112.

( )Ipid, 68..

( )Champman ,Acatalogue of Roman military,,p.103

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p88.

( )Sim, Roman imperial,p.79.

( )Champman ,Acatalogue of Roman military,,p.96.

( )Ford, weopon Avisual history,p.44.

( )Sim, Roman imperial,p.92.

( )Connolly , Greek and Roman at waer,p.272.

( )الشيخ ، حسن ،دراسات في تاريخ حضارة اليونان والرومان ،(دار المعرفة الجامعية ،1987،ص274.

( )D,Amato,Raffaele,imperial Roman , warships,193-565AD,(osprey bublishing,2016) ,p.16.

( )Lonk tree, Asynopsis of Roman Antiaritles,p.168.

( )Warry, war far in the chassical world,p. 119.

( )Devries, medieval military technologe,p.286.

( )Warry, war far in the chassical world,p.182.

( )D,Amato,Raffaele,imperial Roman , warships,pp.31,35.a

( )D,Amato,Raffael , imperial Roman Naval forces,p.38.

( )Warry, war far in the chassical world,p.183.

( )ibd,p.119.

( )D,Amato,Raffaele,imperial Roman , warships,p.34.

( )D,Amato,Raffael , imperial Roman Naval forces,p.23.

( )D,Amato,Raffaele,imperial Roman , warships,p.24.

( )D,Amato,Raffael , imperial Roman Naval forces,p.34.

( )Warry, war far in the chassical world,p.119.

( )D,Amato,Raffael , imperial Roman Naval forces,p.39.

( )Warry, war far in the chassical world,p.182.

( )D,Amato,Raffael , imperial Roman Naval forces,p.34.

( )Ibd,p.43.

Downloads

Published

2025-04-21

Issue

Section

historiography

How to Cite

المعدات العسكرية للجيش الروماني من 300 ق.م -284 م. (2025). Journal of Studies in History and Archeology, ملحق 95, 839-860. https://jcoart.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/2075-3047/article/view/1218

Similar Articles

1-10 of 70

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.