المعدات العسكرية للجيش الروماني من 300 ق.م -284 م

( )D,Amato,Raffael , imperial Roman Naval forces 31BC-AD500,(Britan ,osprey, 2009), p.3

( )Erdkamp ,paul, Acompanion to the Roman Army,(Blackwell publishing 2007),p.220.

( ) Devries, Kelly and Robert Douglas smith , medieval military technologe ,(Unversity of toronto press, 2012),p.3

( )D,Amato, imperial Roman Naval forces,p.4.

( )Ipid ,p.16.

( )Gurstelle ,William, the art of catapult,(Chicago Review Press,2004),pp.6-7.

( )Erdkamp , Acompanion to the Roman Army,p.92.

( )Southeren , pat , the Roman Army Asocial and in stiutional History,( England ,oxford,2006),p.213.

( ) Kindrd , Jeff, Artillery an illustrated history of its impact ,(England,oxford,2007),p.14.

( )Champman , Evan M, Acatalogue of Roman military Equipment in the National Museum of wales ,(Bar British series 388, 2005),p.53.

( )Warry,John , war far in the chassical world,(University of loklanoma press Norman , (2004),p.178.

( ) Kindrd , Artillery an illustrated history of its impact ,p.15.

( )Adkins, Lesley and Roy A.Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome (New york, 2004),p.92.

( )Champman ,Acatalogue of Roman military,p.53.

( ) Kindrd , Artillery an illustrated history of its impact,p.15.

( )Champman ,Acatalogue of Roman military,p.53.

( )Kindrd , Artillery an illustrated history of its impact,p.18.

( )Lonk tree, Asynopsis of Roman Antiaritles,p.164-165.

( )Kindrd , Artillery an illustrated history of its impact,p.18-19.

( )Warry, war far in the chassical world,p.178.

( )Campbel,Duncan B, Greek and Roman Artillery 339BC-AD363,(osprey, 2003),p.5.

( )Campbel, Greek and Roman Artillery , p.3-4.d

( )Devries, medieval military technologe,p.118.

( )Champman ,Acatalogue of Roman military,p.47.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.91.

( )Southeren, the Roman Army Asocial and in stiutional History,p.217.

( )Bishop, m.c and J.c.n. couston , Roman military Equipment from punic wars to the fall of Rome ,(oxbow book ,oxfoed, 2009),p.88.

( )Campbel,Duncan B,siege warfare in the Roman world 146BC-AD378,(osprey publishing , 2005),p.29.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.89.

( )Bishop, m.c, the pilum in the Roman Havy Javeil,(osprey publishing ,2007),p. 4,P6-8.

( )Warry, war far in the chassical world,p.113.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.89.

( )Connolly ,peter, Greek and Roman at waer(green hill books,stackpole books ,2006),p.233.

( )Goldsworthy, Adrian , the complete Roman Army ,(thames @Hundson ),p.139.

( )Southeren, the Roman Army Asocial and in stiutional History,p.211.

( )Andrson ,Duncan , the Roman Army of the principate 27BC-AD117,(osprey, 2009),p.28.

( )Goldsworthy,the complete Roman Army,p.138.

( )Ford , Roger and others , weopon Avisual history of Arms and armore (DK,Dorling-kindesley ,2007),p.45,

( )Bishop,the pilum in the Roman Havy Javeil,p.73.

( )O,bryan,John ,Ahistory of wepons,( John O,bryan,2013),p.68.

( )Champman ,Acatalogue of Roman military,p.21.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.91.

( )Southeren, the Roman Army Asocial and in stiutional History,p.212.

( )Andrson , the Roman Army of the principate,P.29.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.91

( )Bishop, m.c, the Spatha the Roman long sword

( )Andrson , the Roman Army of the principate,P.31.

( )Bishop, the Spatha ,p.10.

( )Champman ,Acatalogue of Roman military,pp.21-22.

( Simkins،Michael، Roman Army from Caesar to Trajan،(Osprey Publishing،1974)p.24.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.90.

( )Bishop, Roman military,p. 83.

( )Goldsworthy,the complete Roman Army,p.186.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.82.

( )Campbel,siege warfare in the Roman world,p.32.

( )Devries, medieval military technologe,p.170.

( )Campbel,siege warfare in the Roman world,p.45.

( )Connolly ,peter,Les Legiones Romans ,(grupo anage comerical,1992),p.63.

( )Lonk tree,John,Asynopsis of Roman Antiaritles,pp.163-164.

( )Connolly , Les Legiones Romans,p.66.

( )Lonk tree,John,Asynopsis of Roman Antiaritles,p.165.

( )M.A,John Hendrson ,(tornto ,1890),p.124.

( )Connolly , Les Legiones Romans,p.63.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.92

( )Champman ,Acatalogue of Roman military,p.58.

( )O,bryan,John ,Ahistory of wepons,p.69.

( )Smith,W, Adictinory of Greek and Roman antigutied,(oxford,1848),p.707.

( )ibd,p.518.

( )Southeren, the Roman Army Asocial and in stiutional History,p.159.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.92.

( )Bishop, Roman military,p.p115-116.

( )D,Amato,Raffaele,imperial Roman Naval forces 31BC-AD500,(osprey, 2009),p.34.

( )Bishop, Roman military,p.116.

( )Smith,Michael, the Roman Army from Caesar to Trajan,(osprey, 1974),pp.13,17.

( )خالد نوّاف كيوان، رايات الفرق العسكرية على المسكوكات السورية في العصر الروماني، قسم الأثار، كلّية الآداب والعلوم الآنسانية، جامعة حلب، العدد106، 2016

( )Connolly , Les Legiones Romans,p.12.

( )Devries, medieval military technologe,p.55.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.85.

( )Sim and J.Kamirnsri, Roman imperial Armour the prouduct ,(oxford,Uk,2012),p.5.

( )Champman ,Acatalogue of Roman military,p.60.

( )Connolly , Greek and Roman at waer,p.233.

( )Ford, weopon Avisual history,p.46.

( )Champman ,Acatalogue of Roman military,p90.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.84.

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p.92.

( )Champman ,Acatalogue of Roman military,p.92.

( )Erdkamp , Acompanion to the Roman Army,p,90.

( )Sim, Roman imperial,p.111-112.

( )Ipid, 68..

( )Champman ,Acatalogue of Roman military,,p.103

( )Adkins, Hand book to life in Ancient Rome,p88.

( )Sim, Roman imperial,p.79.

( )Champman ,Acatalogue of Roman military,,p.96.

( )Ford, weopon Avisual history,p.44.

( )Sim, Roman imperial,p.92.

( )Connolly , Greek and Roman at waer,p.272.

( )الشيخ ، حسن ،دراسات في تاريخ حضارة اليونان والرومان ،(دار المعرفة الجامعية ،1987،ص274.

( )D,Amato,Raffaele,imperial Roman , warships,193-565AD,(osprey bublishing,2016) ,p.16.

( )Lonk tree, Asynopsis of Roman Antiaritles,p.168.

( )Warry, war far in the chassical world,p. 119.

( )Devries, medieval military technologe,p.286.

( )Warry, war far in the chassical world,p.182.

( )D,Amato,Raffaele,imperial Roman , warships,pp.31,35.a

( )D,Amato,Raffael , imperial Roman Naval forces,p.38.

( )Warry, war far in the chassical world,p.183.

( )ibd,p.119.

( )D,Amato,Raffaele,imperial Roman , warships,p.34.

( )D,Amato,Raffael , imperial Roman Naval forces,p.23.

( )D,Amato,Raffaele,imperial Roman , warships,p.24.

( )D,Amato,Raffael , imperial Roman Naval forces,p.34.

( )Warry, war far in the chassical world,p.119.

( )D,Amato,Raffael , imperial Roman Naval forces,p.39.

( )Warry, war far in the chassical world,p.182.

( )D,Amato,Raffael , imperial Roman Naval forces,p.34.

( )Ibd,p.43.