اثر التفاعل بين النظرية التوسعية وانموذجي سيلفرمان وبيجز

في تحصيل وتفكير طلاب المتوسطة لمادة التاريخ في مدارس الكرخ_بغداد

Abstract

Received: 2026 / 03 / 24
Revision: 2026 / 04 / 12
Accepted: 2026 / 04 / 16
Published: 2026 / 09 / 30

The researcher aims, through his thesis entitled “The Impact of the Interaction between the Expansion Theory and the Silverman and Biggs Models on the Quality of Achievement and the Development of Future Thinking in History among Intermediate School Students in Karkh Schools, Baghdad”, to know the commonalities and differences in the impact of this interaction through restructuring history lessons for the intermediate stage according to the expansion theory and adopting the Silverman and Biggs model in teaching history on the quality of academic achievement and the development of future thinking among intermediate school students. The researcher adopted the descriptive analytical method for the opinion questionnaire directed to history teachers in the intermediate stage, and the experimental method for the concepts and principles of the expansion theory in reorganizing the content of the subject and determining the lessons that are supposed to be presented to the students and taught to them, and the Biggs and Silverman teaching models to conduct the experiment on intermediate school students. The study community consisted of 145 male and female history teachers in Karkh schools in the morning government and private intermediate stage in Baghdad. The randomly selected sample consisted of 45 male and female teachers, and the study community for students consisted of 4939 male and female students. They belonged to 84 public and private intermediate schools, and the randomly selected sample consisted of 242 male and female students. The teacher opinion questionnaire consisted of 56 items in four sections, and the achievement test consisted of 16 questions and the future thinking test consisted of 12 questions. The experiment lasted four weeks during the second semester of 2025. The researcher reached a number of conclusions, including the existence of differences in the level of achievement and future thinking of intermediate school students who studied according to the two models after restructuring the lessons according to the expansion theory, greater than the level of students who studied according to the traditional method, according to the results of the achievement test and the future thinking development test. In addition, the teaching staff needs training courses on modern teaching strategies and models. The researcher submitted a recommendation to the Iraqi Ministry of Education and the education directorates to use modern strategies, models, and methods in teaching, and a recommendation to colleges of education to open training and qualification courses on how to use and apply them at various educational levels.