The German Position on the Russian–Ukrainian War (2014–2023):An Analytical Study
The German Position on the Russian–Ukrainian War (2014–2023):An Analytical Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65074/p0mksa70Keywords:
Annexation of Crimea, Minsk Agreements, Strategic Shift, German Energy Security, Military Support for Ukraine, Sanctions on Russia.Abstract
ainian war, focusing on the period from 2014 to 2023. This decade saw a complete change in Berlin's foreign policy toward both Moscow and Kyiv. The study begins by looking at the history of German-Russian relations, which were based on strong economic and political ties, especially in the energy sector. It then examines Germany's reaction to Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 and Germany’s diplomatic efforts to solve the conflict through the first and second Minsk agreements (2014 and 2015). The research follows the major shifts in German policy after the full Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, focusing on Germany's direct military support for Ukraine and its decision to increase defense spending. Finally, the study reviews the political disagreements within Germany regarding this support, the heavy economic impact of the war—especially on energy and the national economy—and the future of German-Russian relations under ongoing sanctions and tensions.
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ثانياً: المصادر والمراجع باللغة الأجنبية (English References)
1. Books (الكتب)
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• Hummel, Jakob. (2022). "Germany’s Zeitenwende: Strategic rhetoric or real shift?". German Politics and Society, 40(3).
• Kriesberg, Felix. (2023). "Berlin’s role in the Ukraine war". European Affairs Review, 19(Winter).
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4. Research Papers & Briefs ( اوراق بحثية وتقارير المراكز الفكرية )
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• IfW Kiel. (2023). Ukraine Support Tracker. Kiel.
• NewClimate Institute. (2022). German LNG Terminal Construction Plans. Cologne.
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• Der Spiegel. (2022). Russian gas and the fate of Nord Stream 2.
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• Spiegel Online. (2022). AfD and its position on the Ukraine war.
• Süddeutsche Zeitung. (2023). The AfD criticizes Germany’s support for Ukraine.
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