الاخمينيون .. من القرية الى المدينة

Pierre Briant, From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire, Eisenbrauns, 2002, pp. 1–10).

( )(Briant, 2002, p. 267).

( )(Amélie Kuhrt, The Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources from the Achaemenid Period, Routledge, 2007, Vol. I, pp. 132–138).

( )(Margaret Cool Root, The King and Kingship in Achaemenid Art, E.J. Brill, 1979, pp. 78–83).

( )(Amélie Kuhrt, The Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources from the Achaemenid Period, Routledge, 2007, Vol. I, pp. 18–22).

( )(Matt Waters, Ancient Persia: A Concise History of the Achaemenid Empire, Cambridge University Press, 2014, p. 14).

( )(هيرودوت، تاريخ هيرودوت، ترجمة عبد الاله الملاح،( ابو ظبي،2001)،ك1،ص ص 125– 130).

( )(Pierre Briant, From Cyrus to Alexander, Eisenbrauns, 2002, pp. 27–30).

( )(Cyrus Cylinder, British Museum; see:Kuhrt,2007,Vol. I,pp.70–75).

( )(Waters, 2014, pp. 21–23).

( )(Kuhrt, 2007, Vol. I, p. 73).

( )(Briant, 2002, pp. 52–55).

( )(See: R.G. Kent, Old Persian: Grammar, Texts, Lexicon, American Oriental Series, 1953, pp. 116–121).

( )(Margaret Cool Root, 1979, pp. 45–49).

( )(Amélie Kuhrt, The Persian Empire, Routledge, 2007, Vol. I, pp. 87–90).

( )(Pierre Briant, From Cyrus to Alexander, Eisenbrauns, 2002, pp. 103–106).

( )(Briant, 2002, p. 115).

( )(Amélie Kuhrt, 2007, pp. 139–143).

( ) (Pierre Briant, 2002, pp. 234–240).

( ) (Matt Waters, Ancient Persia, Cambridge University Press, 2014, pp. 62–65).

( )(Amélie Kuhrt, 2007, pp. 158–161) .

( )Margaret Root, The King and Kingship in Achaemenid Art, Brill, 1979, pp. 94–98).

( ) (Briant, 2002, pp. 270–275).

( )M. Dusinberre, Empire, Authority, and Autonomy in Achaemenid Anatolia, Cambridge University Press, 2013, pp. 101–104).

( )(Kuhrt, 2007, pp. 166–170).

( )(Amélie Kuhrt, 2007, pp. 212–215).

( )(Waters, 2014, p. 78).

( )(Cyrus Cylinder; see Kuhrt, 2007, Vol. I, pp. 79–82).

( )(Amélie Kuhrt, The Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources, Routledge, 2007, Vol. I, pp. 190–193).

( )(Margaret Root, The King and Kingship in Achaemenid Art, Brill, 1979, pp. 113–116).

( )(Amélie Kuhrt, 2007, Vol. I, pp. 207–210).

( )(Briant, 2002, pp. 350–360).

( )(Kuhrt, 2007, pp. 220–224).

( )(Waters, Ancient Persia, Cambridge, 2014, pp. 84–88).

( )(Pierre Briant, 2002, pp. 395–398).

( )(Waters, 2014, pp. 90–93).

( )(Margaret Root, 1979, pp. 125–130).

( )(Kuhrt, The Persian Empire, 2007, Vol. I, pp. 255–259).

( )(Briant, From Cyrus to Alexander, 2002, pp. 425–430).

( )(Kuhrt, 2007, Vol. I, pp. 264–267).

( )(Brosius, Women in Ancient Persia, 1998, pp. 78–82).

( )(Waters, Ancient Persia, 2014, pp. 104–106).

( )(Brosius, 1998, pp. 84–86).

( )(Margaret Root, The King and Kingship, 1979, pp. 135–140).

( )Kuhrt, 2007, Vol. I, pp. 270–272.؛ Briant, 2002, pp. 440–445.

( )Briant, Pierre. From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire. Eisenbrauns, 2002, pp. 786–790).

( )(Boyce, Mary. Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. Routledge, 2001, pp. 104–107).

( )(Root, Margaret. The King and Kingship in Achaemenid Art. Brill, 1979, pp. 164–169).

( )(Kuhrt, Amélie. The Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources from the Achaemenid Period, Vol. I. Routledge, 2007, pp. 314–318).

( )(Waters, Matt. Ancient Persia: A Concise History of the Achaemenid Empire. Cambridge University Press, 2014, pp. 114–117).

( )(Sancisi-Weerdenburg, Heleen. "The Image of the King in the Persian Empire". Achaemenid History, Vol. I, 1987, pp. 15–22).

( )(Stolper, Matthew. Texts from the Persepolis Fortification Archive. Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 2006, pp. 28–32).

( )(Boyce, 2001, pp. 112–116).

( )(Briant, 2002, pp. 982–988).

( )(Briant, Pierre. From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire. Eisenbrauns, 2002, pp. 508–512).

( )(Babylonian Chronicles. In: Kuhrt, Amélie. The Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources from the Achaemenid Period, Vol. I. Routledge, 2007, pp. 332–337).

( )(Schmitt, Rüdiger. The Bisitun Inscriptions of Darius the Great. Istituto Universitario Orientale, 1991, pp. 12–16).

( )(Brosius, Maria. The Persians: An Introduction. Routledge, 2006, pp. 94–97).

( )(Nylander, Carl. Palace and Politics in the Achaemenid Empire. Svenska Institutet i Athen, 1970, pp. 63–68).

( )(Miller, Margaret. Athens and Persia in the Fifth Century BC: A Study in Cultural Receptivity. Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp. 152–158).

( )(Stolper, Matthew. Elamite Administrative Texts and the Persepolis Fortification Archive. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Congress of Iranian Art and Archaeology, 2004, pp. 117–121).

( )(Schmidt, Erich. Persepolis I: Structures, Reliefs, Inscriptions. The University of Chicago Press, 1953, pp. 45–53).

( )(Waters, Matt. Ancient Persia: A Concise History of the Achaemenid Empire. Cambridge University Press, 2014, pp. 125–128).

قائمة المصادر والمراجع :

1. هيرودوت ، تاريخ هيرودوت، ترجمة عبد الاله الملاح، ( ابوظبي : 2001) .

1. Briant, Pierre. From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire. Eisenbrauns, 2002.

2. Kuhrt, Amélie. The Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources from the Achaemenid Period, Vols. I & II. Routledge, 2007.

3. Brosius, Maria. The Persians: An Introduction. Routledge, 2006.

4. Waters, Matt. Ancient Persia: A Concise History of the Achaemenid Empire. Cambridge University Press, 2014.

5. Dandamaev, M. A. A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire. Brill, 1989.

6. Schmitt, Rüdiger. The Bisitun Inscriptions of Darius the Great. Istituto Universitario Orientale, 1991.

7. Lincoln, Bruce. Religion, Empire, and Torture: The Case of Achaemenian Persia. University of Chicago Press, 2007.

8. Miller, Margaret. Athens and Persia in the Fifth Century BC: A Study in Cultural Receptivity. Cambridge University Press, 1997.

9. Nylander, Carl. Palace and Politics in the Achaemenid Empire. Svenska Institutet i Athen, 1970.

10. Schmidt, Erich. Persepolis I: Structures, Reliefs, Inscriptions. University of Chicago Press, 1953.

11. Stolper, Matthew. Elamite Administrative Texts and the Persepolis Fortification Archive. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Congress of Iranian Art and Archaeology, 2004.

12. Root, Margaret Cool. The King and Kingship in Achaemenid Art: Essays on the Creation of an Iconography of Empire. Brill, 1979.

13. Sancisi-Weerdenburg, Heleen. “The Personality of Xerxes.” In: Achaemenid History, Vol. I, Leiden, 1987.

14. Garrison, Mark B. The Seal Impressions from the Persepolis Fortification Tablets. Chicago, 1991.

15. Boucharlat, Rémy. “Urbanism and Settlement.” In: The World of Achaemenid Persia: History, Art and Society in Iran and the Ancient Near East, I.B. Tauris, 2010.