جهود علماء الكوفة في الدرس اللغوي خلال القرن الثاني الهجري / الثامن الميلادي

Abstract

Since the Islamic conquest of Kuwait on the sixteenth of AH / 7 th century, Kufa has been a prominent place in the history of the Hebrews of Islam, and it has the same status in the hearts of Arabs, especially Muslims in general. In which the tender, classification, explanation and codification scientific scholars wrote books, letters, debates, fatwas, etc.,

However, many of our outstanding scientists are still in the shadow region and need thorough studies and accurate scientific methodology in order to shed light on them and the desalination of their heritage and their valuable efforts, which shake the people of inspiration and urges them to follow them and follow their example, especially as Kufa reached its glory civilization and intellectual boom in the era And it was witnessed by many of the readers and those familiar with the sciences of the Holy Quran, a novel, a sign and an explanation, such as Esam Ibn Abi Al-Najood d.( 127 AH / 744ML) and Hamza bin Habib Al-Zayyat (156 AH / 774ML ) And LX E ( 189 AH/ 804ML).              

The thinking or interest in the sciences of the Arabic language arose with the need of the Muslim in the religious culture to know the explanation and understanding of the Quranic text, especially after Islam entered different races from non-Arabs. It was necessary to preserve this text from the melody. The Holy Quran is the eternal constitution of the Islamic nation. (Peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and his great signs, The Quranic text is the subject of great care and constant attention. It has taken different forms, sometimes due to its pronunciation and performance, and to its style and its miracles, and its time to write and draw it, or it may return to its interpretation and explanation ... etc. We find that scientists have cut every aspect of research and study and even the composition and classification of books, and Dono folders that boasts the Arab Islamic Library.

There is no doubt that the Islamic culture gave the Arabic language special attention, and made it in the first place after the forensic sciences, especially since the latter derives from the linguistic sciences; because grammar, meanings, statement, poetry, presentations, eloquence, etc., all help to understand and clarify the purposes of Islamic science From reading, interpretation, Hadith, Fiqh ... etc.

Therefore, science and language lessons are among the most important foundations on which the forensic science is based. It helps to understand the texts of the verses of the Holy Quran, revealing its mysteries and revealing its miracles and eloquence. Hence the title of the research entitled ((efforts of the scholars of Kufa in the language lesson during the second century AH / 8th century AD), to highlight the role of the Kufian scientists in achieving the empowerment of the Islamic religion through the teaching of language sciences, including security and learned its principles and provisions and published values ​​and virtues, As well as the attempt to find out how the Kufian scholars had motivated intellectual construction based on sound and well-founded doctrines.

          The nature of the research required that it be divided into an introduction, three investigations, a conclusion, and a set of sources and references used.

         The introduction provided a brief overview of the geographical, historical and social nature of the city of Kufa.

The first topic deals with the factors that helped the emergence and prosperity of intellectual movement in the city of Kufa.

         The second topic was limited to talking about the Arabic sciences from their language and so on, and their disbursement, and the one who was issued to teach in it and the most important books that were classified in its sciences.
The third topic dealt with the impact of the scientific journey in teaching and learning and the emergence of the language school in the city of Kufa.

       The research concluded with a good number of results, the most important of which:

1 - The intellectual life in the city of Kufa Yalshmul qualitative and spatial, was attended by all members of the society of its rich and poor men gathered by the great goal is to seek knowledge and publish it in order to pleasing GodAlmighty.

1. The intellectual life in the city of Kufa, its three pillars of the world, the learner and the knowledge of science was an inseparable part of the intellectual life in the Arab-Islamic world, because it was not the birthplace of the region, but everyone contributed to it in order to build and flourish this life.
2. Intellectual life was free and enjoyed full freedom, which helped to increase the intellectual output of its scientists, books and works in different fields of knowledge.

4.The city of Kufa has been politically overthrown and despite the severity of these painful events, scientists and students of science have not failed to meet the call of scientific-intellectual jihad.

5 - The number of Kufi scientists who contributed to the flourishing of the movement of linguistic sciences more than thirty world of the eighty - two after the two in various fields of knowledge.