The Turkish Role in the Organization of the Islamic Conference in Containing the Second Gulf Crisis
(1990-1991)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65074/d8k1wn85Keywords:
تركيا ، العراق ، الكويت ، منظمة المؤتمر الاسلامي ، حرب الخليج الثانية .Abstract
Disagreements between Iraq and Kuwait arose over the settlement of debts accumulated by the Iraqi government during its war with the Iranian regime, in addition to border disputes with Kuwait. Turkey and its strategic location played an important role in the war, especially since the American bases that were supposed to be used to force Iraq to withdraw from the occupation of Kuwait were located on Turkish territory. Since Turkey believed in amicable solutions, it voted in favor of the Organization of the Islamic Conference resolutions on the Iraqi-Kuwaiti issue and supported all of them.
Upon carefully examining Ozal's views and positions during the Second Gulf War, it can be noted that his approach to war and peace shifted from demanding that "peace must be preserved and the crisis resolved by peaceful means" to the possibility of resolving the crisis by peaceful means ("war may break out"), and finally to the rhetoric that "a hot war is inevitable," especially with the intransigence of the Iraqi government and its implicit threat to the Turkish government by Iraqi Vice President Taha Yassin Ramadan during his visit to Ankara. Furthermore, the Turkish government sought to win the favor of the United States, NATO countries, and the Gulf states to preserve and enhance its interests in the region.
References
• الوثائق :
1- وثاق منظمة المؤتمر الاسلامي ، مؤتمر وزراء الخارجية التاسع عشر ، البيان الخاص بالامين العام للمنظمة ،القاهرة، جمهورية مصر العربية، 1990.
2- The United Nations Department of Public Information, the United Nations and the Iraq-Kuwait Conflict, 1990-1996 the U.N. Blue Series, Vol. IX, New York, 1996.
• الرسائل والاطاريح العربية :
1- رشيد سعدون محمد حسن ، الحدود العراقية الكويتية ، رسالة ماجستير( غير منشورة)، كلية الآداب ، جامعة بغداد ، 2001 .
• الرسائل والاطاريح التركية :
1- Hande EROL, TÜRKİYE-ORTADOĞU İLİŞKİLERİ (1983-1993), YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ, DOKUZ EYLÜL ÜNİVERSİTESİ,SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ,TARİH ANABİLİM DALI,2008.
2- Gül Akyılmaz, Türk Dış Politikasında Belirleyici Faktörler Ekseninde Özal’ın Dış Politika Konsepti, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Selçuk University, 2002.
3- Selami YILDIZ, FIRST GULF CRISIS AND TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY, master's thesis, YEDİTEPE UNIVERSITY ,INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES,2016.
• الكتب العربية والمعربة :
1- بيار سالنجر وأريك لوران، الملف السري: جدول الأعمال الخفي في حرب الخليج ، ترجمة وطباعة : شركة المطبوعات للتوزيع والنشر، 1991.
2- إبراهيم محمد حسن، الصراع الدولي في الخليج العربي، مؤسسة الشراع العربي، الكويت، 1996.
3- الأمير الراحل الشيخ جابر الأحمد الجابر الصباح ،وثائق من الصحافة اللبنانية،المكتب الإعلامي لسفارة دولة الكويت،2007.
4- أنيس دغيدي، تاريخ بوش السرى الاسود ورجال البيت الابيض، دار الكتاب العربي، 2004.
• الكتب التركية :
1- Ramazan Gözen, “ Turgut Özal ve Körfez Savaşı”, Kim Bu Özal: Siyaset, İktisat, Zihniyet,Editörler: İhsan Sezal-İhsan Dağı, Boyut Kitapları, İstanbul, 2003.
2- Ertan Efegil, Körfez Krizi ve Türk Dış Politikası Karar Verme Modeli, Gündoğan Press, İstanbul.
• المجلات الاكاديمية :
1- عزيز جبر شيال،"العلاقات العراقية الكويتية" ، المجلة السياسية والدولية، العدد( 11)، كلية العلوم السياسية، الجامعة المستنصرية، 2009.
• الصحف:
1- تشرين، العدد( 4122)، دمشق ، 25تموز1990.
2- Hurriyet, 7 August , 1990.
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