Liberia's political role on the international and regional levels 1945-1971

Authors

  • Ja’afer Mahmood Salman Abbas University of Baghdad/College of Education Ibn Rushd for Human Sciences/ Department of History
  • Afraa’ Atta Abdul-Kareem Al-Rayess University of Baghdad/College of Education Ibn Rushd for Human Sciences/ Department of History

Keywords:

United Nations, Liberia, African Unity

Abstract

In the wake of World War II (1939-1945), the Republic of Liberia gained great importance in the international and regional fields as a result of Liberian President William Tubman efforts (1944-1971), who had given great attention to link Liberia with international and regional organizations such as the United Nations and the Organization of African Unity. Liberia had participated in all the meetings that held for the establishing of the United Nations, and helped international delegations to develop plans for its formation in its founding conference. As well as it signed on the Charter of the United Nations after agreeing about its final version on the twenty-sixth of June 1945. Liberia's attitude within the United Nations was distinguished by its defense of freedom issues and the rights of colonial countries. In addition to support for General Assembly resolutions in order to preserve peace and the right to self-determination and to stand up in the face of colonial powers. It took positive positions on many issues which related to world peace. Liberia also contributed in the establishment of the Organization of African Unity. It accepted the invitation of the Republic of Ghana in order to hold the Accra Conference. The Liberian delegation was headed by William Tubman. Tubman and Nkrumah agreed for the need for a union of African states during the conference. Tubman also participated in the conferences that followed the Accra Conference. As a result of the conferences decisions and the awareness that dominate in many African countries and their belief in the necessity of unity, the Organization of African Unity was established after the signing on the charter of the organization on the twenty-fifth of May 1963, in the presence of thirty countries, including Liberia, which was represented by its President Tubman.                                                                        

  The research was divided into two phases. The first phase dealt with the role of Liberia in the establishment of the United Nations Organization, and the second one concerned with the role of Liberia in the establishment of the Organization of African Unity. The researcher relied on many sources and references, especially the documents of the US State Department, many foreign and Arab books and research.                                                               

Keywords: United Nations, Liberia, African Unity.

References

وثائق وزارة الخارجية الامريكية:

F.R.U.S.,( 1965), The Near East, South Asia and Africa The Far East, Volume V, United States Government Printing Office, Washington.

الكتب باللغة الاجنبية:

Baxter, Peter, (2014), Biafra: the Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970, Helion & Company, Nigeria.

Carter, Gwendolen M.,(1962), African one-party states , Cornell University Press, New York.

Henries, A. Doris Banks ( 1967) A Biography of President William V. S. Tubman, Macmillan, London.

الرسائل والاطاريح باللغة الاجنبية.

Donn, D. Elwood, (1972), The foreign policy of the republic of Liberia as Reflected in Selected Political Questions in the United Nations, A Dissertation, The American University, Washington, D.C., 1972.

R. Dunn, Chandra (2016), Africa and Liberia in world politics, A Dissertation , American University ,Washington, D.C, 2016.

Ralph, Greenwood, (1993) The Presidency of William Y. S. Tubman, President of Liberia, 1944-1971, A Dissertation, Northern Arizona University, 1993.

الكتب العربية والمعربة :

ابراهيم، عبد الله عبد الرزاق (1970)، موسوعة التاريخ والسياسة في افريقيا، المكتب المصري للتوزيع والمطبوعات، القاهرة.

Ibrahim, Abdullah Abdul Razzaq (1970), Encyclopedia of History and Politics in Africa, Egyptian Office for Distribution and Publications, Cairo.

أجيوما يوجين . س (1969) ، توبمان أفريقيا، ترجمة خليل حسن خليل، د.م.

Ajuma, Eugene. S (1969), Africa Tubman, translated by Khalil Hassan Khalil, D.M.

جوهر، أحمد نبيل (1987) قرارات منظمة الوحدة الافريقية النظرية والتطبيق، منشأة المعارض، الاسكندرية.

Gohar, Ahmed Nabil (1987) Decisions of the Organization of African Unity Theory and Practice, Exhibition facility, Alexandria.

الشيخ، رافت غنيمي (1991)، أفريقيا في التاريخ المعاصر، دار الثقافة للطباعة والنشر، القاهرة.

Sheikh, Raafat Ghonimi (1991), Africa in modern History, House of Culture for Printing and Publishing, Cairo.

غالي، بطرس بطرس،(1974) العلاقات الدولية في اطار منظمة الوحدة الافريقية، الطبعة الاولى، مكتبة الانجلو مصرية، القاهرة.

Ghali, Boutros Boutros, (1974) International Relations within the Framework of the Organization of African Unity, first edition, Anglo-Egyptian Library, Cairo.

نافعة، حسن، (1978) الأمم المتحدة في نصف قرن، عالم المعرفة، الكويت.

Nafaa, Hassan, (1978) United Nations in Half a Century, the World of Knowledge, Kuwait

الرسائل والاطاريح باللغة العربية:

جاسم، حنان طلال (2014)، التطورات السياسية الداخلية في نيجيريا (1960-1979)، اطروحة دكتوراه، كلية التربية ابن رشد، جامعة بغداد، 2014.

Jassim, Hanan Talal (2014), Internal Political Developments in Nigeria (1960-1979), PhD dissertations, Ibn Rushd College of Education, University of Baghdad, 2014.

خليفة، عصموني (2015) التكامل بين المنظمات الاقليمية الفرعية الافريقية ودوره في تحقيق الوحدة الافريقية، رسالة ماجستير، كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية، جامعة بكر بالقايد، تلمسان، الجزائر، 2015.

Khalifa, Asmouni (2015) The Integration of African Sub-Regional Organizations and Its Role in Achieving African Unity, Master’s Thesis, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Bakr Belkaid, Tlemcen, Algeria, 2015.

سلمى، امنة،(2013) منظمة الوحدة الافريقية ودورها في حل النزاعات الحدودية النزاع السنغالي الموريتاني انموذجًا، رسالة ماجستير، كلية العلوم الانسانية، جامعة محمد خيضر- بسكرة، الجزائر، 2013.

Salma, Amna, (2013) The Organization of African Unity and its role in resolving border disputes, the Senegalese-Mauritanian conflict as a model, Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, University of Mohamed Khider - Biskra, Algeria, 2013.

الشواك، سارة مالك حميد (2013)، منظمة الوحدة الافريقية 1963-1973، رسالة ماجستير، كلية التربية للبنات، جامعة بغداد، 2013.

Al-Shawwak, Sarah Malik Hamid (2013), Organization of African Unity 1963-1973, Master's Thesis, College of Education, University of Baghdad, 2013.

القذافي، محمد علي،(2003) التطورات والتحولات السياسية في العمل الافريقي المشترك، رسالة ماجستير، كلية الدراسات العليا، الجامعة الاردنية، 2003.

Al- Gaddafi, Muhammad Ali, (2003) Developments and Political Transformations in Joint African Action, Master's Thesis, College of Graduate Studies, University of Jordan, 2003.

المجلات باللغة العربية

الجميلي، رسول حسين (2010)، مقارنة بين نظام عصبة الامم وميثاق الامم المتحدة، السياسة الدولية (مجلة) ، العدد 15، مركز البحوث والدراسات الدولية، جامعة بغداد، 2010.

Al-Jumaili, Rasul Hussein (2010), A Comparison between the League of Nations System and the Charter of the United Nations, International Politics (magazine), No. 15, Center for International Research and Studies, University of Baghdad, 2010.

عبد، جاسم محمد ، هندي، باسم زغير محمد، (2015) منظمة الوحدة الافريقية النشأة والتطور، جامعة الانبار للعلوم الانسانية (مجلة) ، العدد 1، كلية الآداب، جامعة الانبار، ايلول 2015.

Abed, Jassim Muhammad, Hindi, Bassem Zughair Muhammad, (2015) Organization of African Unity: Origin and Development, Anbar University for Human Sciences (magazine), No1, College of Arts, University of Anbar, September 2015.

Downloads

Published

2022-11-08

Issue

Section

historiography

How to Cite

Liberia’s political role on the international and regional levels 1945-1971. (2022). Journal of Studies in History and Archeology, 83, 31-46. https://jcoart.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/2075-3047/article/view/201

Similar Articles

1-10 of 54

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.