الاحتلال الفرنسي لتونس
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65074/yby8zf02Keywords:
French occupation, Tunisia , resistanceAbstract
After the French occupation of Algeria in 1830, France paid special attention to Tunisia, which it considered an extension of Algeria from the eastern side. This is what we see clearly in the Berlin Conference held in 1878, which was held by the European colonial countries to divide the areas of influence in North Africa, which gave France the right to occupy Tunisia. France began to invent pretexts to occupy it. The problems on the Algerian-Tunisian border and the entry of the BanuKhemir tribes into Algerian territory, which began to harass the French forces and launch raids on them, were what gave France the pretext to mobilize its military forces to enter Tunisian territory and head to the capital, Tunis, and impose the Treaty of May 12, 1881, which robbed Tunisia of all the components of the state. It continued to occupy the rest of the Tunisian cities. Thus, France was able to achieve its colonial ambitions by occupying Tunisia. However, the occupation was met with popular rejection from the Tunisian tribes, which led to the rise of the Tunisian popular resistance movement, the flames of which spread to all parts of Tunisia.
References
1. أحمد القصاب ، تاريخ تونس المعاصر 1856 -1881 تعريب حمادي الساحلي ، الشركة التونسية للتوزيع ، تونس ، 1986 .
2. إحسان حقي ، تونس العربية ، دار الثقافة ، بيروت ، 1970 .
3. آمنة إبراهيم أبو حجر ، موسوعة المدن العربية، دار أُسامة للنشر والتوزيع، الأردن، 2002م.
4. الحبيب ثامر ، هذه تونس ، مطبعة الرسالة ، تونس، د/ت .
5. خليفة الشاطر وآخرون ، تونس عبر التاريخ الحركة الوطنية ودولة الاستقلال ، مركز الدراسات والبحوث الاقتصادية والاجتماعية ، تونس ، 2005 .
6. شوقي عطا الله الجمل ، المغرب العربي الكبير في العصر الحديث (ليبيا ، تونس ، الجزائر) ، ط1 ، مكتبة الأنكلومصرية ، القاهرة ،1977 .
7. الشيباني بنبلغيث ، الجيش التونسي في عهد محمد الصادق باي 1859-1882 ، مؤسسة التميمي للبحث العلمي ، صفاقس ،1995 .
8. الطاهر عبدالله ، الحركة الوطنية التونسية رؤية شعبية قومية جديدة 1830-1956 ، دار المعارف للنشر ، تونس ، د / ت .
9. عاطف عبد ، قصة وتأريخ الحضارات العربية بين الأمس واليوم (تونس – الجزائز) ، تونس ، 1999 .
10. عبدالجليل التميمي ، المسألة التونسية والسياسة العثمانية 1881 -1913 ، دار الكتب الشرقية ، تونس ، 1972 .
11. عبدالكريم عزيز ، نضال شعب أبي 1881-1956 ، مركز النشر الجامعي ،2001 .
12. علي البلهوان ، تونس الثائرة ، المطبعة العالمية ، القاهرة ، 1954.
13. علي المحجوبي ، انتصاب الحماية الفرنسية بتونس ، سراس للنشر ، تونس ، 1986 .
14. فيصل محمد موسى، موجز تاريخ أفريقيا الحديث والمعاصر ، منشورات الجامعة المفتوحة ، سبها ، 1997 .
15. لوتسكي ، تاريخ الأقطار العربية الحديث ، ترجمة عفيفة البستاني ، دار التقدم ، موسكو ، 1971 .
16. محمد المرزوقي ، صراع مع الحماية ، دار الكتب الشرقية ، تونس ، 1973 .
17. محمد الهادي الشريف ، تاريخ تونس من عصور ما قبل التاريخ إلى الاستقلال ، ط3 ، دار سراس للنشر ، 1997 .
18. محمد علي داهش ، دراسات في الحركة الوطنية والاتجاهات الوحدوية في المغرب العربي ، اتحاد الكتاب العربي ، دمشق ، 2004.
19. نقولا زيادة ، تونس في عهد الحماية من 1881-1934 ، جامعة الدول العربية ، معهد الدراسات العربية العالية ، 1963 .
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licensing:
For all articles published in Journal of Studies in History and Archeology, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers: It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Al-Adab Journal cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.












