The Uganda-Tanzania war of (1978-1979) and the regional and international position on it
Keywords:
Uganda, Tanzania, Idi Amin, Julius Nyerere, Obote, Uganda National Liberation FrontAbstract
The Ugandan-Tanzanian conflict was not a sudden eruption that occurred when Ugandan forces invaded northern Tanzania in October 1978. Rather, the conflict between the two countries began after Idi Amin came to power in 1971. It subsequently evolved into a personal conflict between the Ugandan and Tanzanian presidents, rather than an ideological or strategic struggle. Ultimately, it led to a Tanzanian invasion of Ugandan territory in cooperation with Ugandan opposition forces, resulting in the overthrow of Idi Amin's regime in April 1979. This opened the door to a new phase of internal power struggle in Uganda that continued until 1986.
References
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- الوثائق المنشورة (وثائق وزارة الخارجية الامريكية).
1. F.R.U.S, "Foreign Relations of the United States", 1977–1980, VOL XVII, Paper Prepared in the Department of State, Washington, undated.
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8. F.R.U.S, "Foreign Relations of the United States", 1977–1980, VOL XVII, Memorandum From Secretary of State Vance to President Carter, Washington, February 25, 19777.
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10. F.R.U.S, "Foreign Relations of the United States", 1977–1980, VOL XVII, Telegram From the Embassy in Kenya to the Department of State, Nairobi, February 17, 1977.
11. F.R.U.S, "Foreign Relations of the United States", 1977–1980, VOL XVII,Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski) to President Carter, Washington, February 25, 1977.
12. F.R.U.S, "Foreign Relations of the United States", 1977–1980, VOL XVII, Situation Report Prepared in the Department of State, Washington, February 25, 1977.
13. F.R.U.S, "Foreign Relations of the United States", 1977–1980, VOL XVII, Memorandum From Secretary of State Vance to President Carter Washington, October 31, 1978.
14. F.R.U.S, "Foreign Relations of the United States", 1977–1980, VOL XVII, Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassy in Tanzania, Washington, January 30, 1979.
15. F.R.U.S, "Foreign Relations of the United States", 1977–1980, VOL XVII, Memorandum From Secretary of State Vance to President Carter Washington, April 4, 1979.
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17. F.R.U.S, "Foreign Relations of the United States", 1977–1980, VOL XVII, Memorandum From Secretary of State Vance to President Carter Washington, April 19, 1979.
18. F.R.U.S, "Foreign Relations of the United States", 1977–1980, VOL XVII, Letter From President Carter to Ugandan President Lule Washington, June 6, 1979.
ثانيا: الرسائل والاطاريح.
1. احمد محمد طنش، تنجانيقيا في السياسة البريطانية في عهد الانتداب(1919-1945)، أطروحة دكتوراه(غير منشورة)، كلية التربية، جامعة القادسية، 2004.
2. اكرم إسماعيل جاسم، جوليوس نيريري واثره السياسي في تنزانيا حتى عام 1985، رسالة ماجستير(غير منشورة)، كلية التربية، جامعة ديالى، 2017.
3. إيهاب هادي نصار الخالدي، محمد سياد بري ودوره في السياسة الصومالية (1969-1991)، رسالة ماجستير (غير منشورة)، كلية الآداب، جامعة المنصورة، 2016.
4. شيماء إبراهيم عبد، العلاقات السياسية بين اوغندا وتنزانيا(1971-1979)، رسالة ماجستير، معهد البحوث والدراسات الافريقية(التاريخ)، جامعة القاهرة،2019.
5. عدي حسن داخل، سياسة بريطانيا تجاه اوغندا(1962-1979)، أطروحة دكتوراه(غير منشورة)، كلية الاداب، جامعة ذي قار، 2020.
6. عذراء شاكر هادي الهلالي، منظمة الوحدة الافريقية 1973-1990، أطروحة دكتوراه، كلية التربية للعلوم الإنسانية، جامعة بابل، 2017.
7. ماجد مزهر حسين الدليمي، سياسة بريطانيا تجاه اوغندا(1894-1945)، أطروحة دكتوراه(غير منشورة)، كلية التربية، جامعة ديالى، 2022.
8. ماهر عطية شعبان محمد، الحركة الوطنية في موزمبيق من الحرب العالمية الأولى الى الاستقلال (1914-1975)، أطروحة دكتوراه، معهد الدراسات الافريقية (قسم التاريخ)، جامعة القاهرة، 1991.
9. هاجر خضر محمد النصراوي، معمر القذافي ودوره في سياسة ليبيا الداخلية حتى عام 1986، رسالة ماجستير(غير منشورة)، كلية التربية، جامعة كربلاء، 2017.
10. علي عبد الكريم حسن، التطورات السياسية في روديسيا الجنوبية 1965-1980، رسالة ماجستير(غير منشور)، كلية التربية، جامعة بغداد، 2012.
11. مؤيد عويد جبير الصالحي، عملية عنتيبي في اوغندا عام1976 وتداعياتها، أطروحة دكتوراه(غير منشورة)، كلية التربية، جامعة البصرة، 2023.
12. غـفـران محـمـد صيـهـود الشـبلـي، التيارات السياسية في منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية 1964-1987: دراسة تاريخية، اطروحة دكتوراه(غير منشورة)، كلية الاداب، جامعة الكوفة، ٢٠١٧.
ثالثا: الكتب العربية.
1. امين أسبر، افريقيا: سياسيا واقتصاديا واجتماعيا، دار دمشق، دمشق، 1985.
2. سالم حسين البرناوي، العلاقات العربية-الافريقية: دراسة في حالة العلاقات الليبية-الافريقية، منشورات اكاديمية الدراسات العليا، طرابلس، 2005.
3. محمد صادق صبور، موسوعة مناطق الصراع في العالم، الكتاب الثالث، دار الأمين للنشر والتوزيع، القاهرة، 2002.
4. صادق حسن السوداني، موجز تاريخ المملكة المتحدة(1945-2022)، دار الكتاب للطباعة والنشر، بغداد، 2023،
رابعا: الكتب الإنكليزية.
1. A.B.K. KASOZI ,Lhe Social Origins of Violence in Uganda, 1964-1985 ,McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1994.
2. Andrew Morton, Moi: The Making of African Statesman, Michael O'Mara Books Press, London,2011.
3. Colin Legum, Africa contemporary record: annual survey and documents 1974-75, Africana Publishing Company Press, 1973.
4. Elisabeth Stennes Skaar، Great Britain's Policy on the Uganda Tanzania War (1978-9)A profound lack of confidence as a major power?, Master's thesis in history, Trondheim, 2015.
5. Emmanuel K. Akempong and Henry Louis Gates , Dictionary of African Biography, VOL.4, OXFORD University Press .
6. Iain Christie, Michel of Mozambique, Zimbabwe Publishing House Press, Zimbabwe, 1988.
7. Manzoor Moghal, Idi Amin: Lion of Africa ,Author House Press, 2010.
8. Paul Bjerk ,Julius Nyerere ,Ohio University Press, 2017.
9. Thomas P.Ofcansky ,UGANDA :Tarnished Pearl of Africa , Westview Press, 1996.
10. Tom Cooper and Adrien Fontanellaz, Wars and Insurgencies of Uganda 1971-1994, Helion and Company Press, 2016.
11. Tony Avirgan and Martha Honey، War in Uganda: The Legacy of Idi Amin, Tanzania Publishing House, 1983.
12. TV Sathyamurthy, The Political Development of Uganda: 1900-1986, Gower Pub Co Press, 1986.
13. William Redman Duggan and John R. Civille, TANZANIA and NYERERE: A Study of Ujamaa and 'Nationhood, Orbis Books,1976.
خامسا: البحوث باللغة العربية.
1. احمد محمد عبد المعز محمد، سياسة ليبيا تجاه النزاع الاوغندي التنزاني، مجلة "كلية الآداب"، جامعة الفيوم، المجلد (13)، العدد (1)، 2021.
2. احمد يوسف القرعي، حركة التحرر الوطني في موزمبيق، "السياسة الدولية"، العدد (13)، تموز1968.
3. انتصار حسين احمد، العلاقات الأوغندية الإسرائيلية (1962-1972)، مجلة "كلية التربية الأساسية/الجامعة المستنصرية"، المجلد(30)، العدد (124)، 2024.
4. شهريات سياسية، مجلة "السياسة الدولية"، العدد(31)، 1973.
5. عدي حسن داخل ومؤيد شاكر كاظم، الانقلاب العسكري في اوغندا عام 1971، المجلة "الدولية للعلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية"، كلية العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية/بيروت، العدد(16)، 2020.
6. ماجدة الجندي ومحمد جنديل، مستقبل اوغندا السياسي، مجلة "السياسة الدولية"، العدد(57)، 1979.
7. محمد عبد المعطي احمد بشير، سياسة اوغندا تجاه المعسكر الشرقي(1962-1979)، مجلة "كلية الآداب"، جامعة اسوان، العدد(12)، تشرين الأول 2022.
8. محمد عيسى الشرقاوي، مستقبل اوغندا بعد عودة اوبوتي، مجلة "السياسة الدولية"، العدد(64)، 1981.
سادسا: البحوث باللغة الإنكليزية.
1. Andrew Mambo, Military Diversion in the 1978 Uganda -Tanzania War , "Journal of Political and Military Sociology", Concordia University, 2007, Vol. 35, No. 2,P.305.
2. George Roberts, The Uganda–Tanzania War, the fall of Idi Amin, and the failure of African diplomacy, 1978–1979, "Journal of Eastern African Studies", Vol.8,2014.
3. P.G. Okoth, History of Military Intervention in Uganda Politics Transafrican,"Journal of History", Vol. 22 ,1993.
4. U.D. Umozurike,"Tanzania's Intervention in Uganda,Archiv des Völkerrechts", No. 3,1982.
سابعا: الصحف.
1. New York Times, March 8 , 1979.
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