The Aramaeans in South Mesopotamia
Keywords:
Aramaeams, Mesopotamia, Kaldians, Syria, IlamAbstract
Aramaeans are one of the ancient peoples who migrated from Arabian Peninsula to the fertile Crescent, and who were called (Semites) by western scholars . These scholars agreed that Aramaeans were referred to for the first time in Assyrian texts from the fourteenth century B.C. by the name Ahlamu. After their settlement in cities, they were reffered to as Aramu.
Aramaeans lived in large areas of Syria and north-west of Iraq. The change of the political situation in the ancient east around 1200 B.C., which resulted in dislocation and political vacuum in Syria enabled the Aramaeans to appear as an influential element in the political arena. Since the eleventh century B.C. , some Aramaean Tribes migrated to the south along the Euphrates and Tigris . Their political impact was so strong that they usurped the throne of Babylonia. Since the beginning of the tenth century, they established many states or small kingdoms. The most important ones were Zoba and Bet-Rehub in Lebanon, and Damascus, Hamath, Arpad, Sam'al, and Bet-Adini in Syria.
From eighth century onwards because of Assyrian campaigns , some Aramaeans migrated to south Mesopotamia . They settled there with their close relative the Kaldians around Babylon and South of it towards Arabian gulf. The conflict of the Aramaeans and Kaldians against Assyrians in the south was nearly continual till they controlled Babylon and ruled the whole area for nearly a century .
References
(*) الجندي في ترجمته يذكر اسم شوازابو على أنه منطقة كلدية بينما البير ابونا يذكره على انه اسم ملك كلدي (ساكز ، 1999، ص146) (Saggs, 1999, P146)
المصادر العربية:
الكتاب المقدس: سفر التكوين .
أبو عساف ، علي (1988): الاراميون ، سوريا – طرطوس.
أحمد ، علي ياسين (دون تاريخ) "تكريت في العصر الاشوري الحديث" ، موسوعة مدينة تكريت، ج1.
باقر، طه (1973): مقدمة في تاريخ الحضارات القديمة ، ج1 ، بغداد.
جواد ، حسن فاضل (2001): حكمة الكلدانيين ، بغداد.
دوبونت- سومر (1988): الاراميون ، ترجمة ناظم الجندي ، سوريا – طرطوس.
دوبونت –سومر (2007) الاراميون ، ترجمة البير ابونا ، بغداد .
ساكز ، هاري (1999): قوة آشور ، ترجمة عامر سليمان ، بغداد.
ساكز، هاري (2009): البابليون ، ترجمة سعيد الغانمي، بيروت.
سوسه، أحمد (1981): العرب واليهود في التأريخ، بغداد.
شمعون ، غريغوريوس صليبا (1981)" الممالك الارامية ، حلب.
محمد ، حياة ابراهيم (1983): نبوخذ نصر الثاني 604-562 ق.م. ، بغداد .
References:
- The Bible: Genesis
- Abu Assaf, Ali (1988): The Aranaeans, Syria- Tartus.
- Ahmed, Ali Yasen (Without date): Tikrit in the New Assyrian Period, Encyclopedia Tikrit City Vol. I.
- Baqir, Taha (1973): Introduction in the History, of Ancient Civilisations, Vol. I, Baghdad.
- Dupont-Somer, (2007): The Arameaens, Trans. Albert Abona, Baghdad.
- Dupont-Somer, (1988): The Arameaens, Trans. Nadhum Al-Jundi, Syria- Tartus..
- Jawad, Hasan Ali (2001): The Kaldiansi Wisedom, Baghdad.
- Muhammed, Hayat Ibrahim (1983): Nabukhud Neser, II 604-562 B. C. Baghdad.
- Saggs, H. W. F., (1999): The Mighty of Assyria, Trans, Amer Sulayman, Baghdad.
- Saggs, H. W. F., (2009): The Babylonions, Trans, Saied
Al-Ghanimi, Beirut.
- Shamuon, Ghriguryus (1981): The Aramaean Kingdoms, Halab.
- Susa, Ahmed (1981): Arabs and Jews in the History, Baghdad.
المصادر الأجنبية: Foreign sources
Brinkman , J.A. , (1968): A Politicol History of Post-Kassite Babylonia 1158-722 B.C. , Rome.
Budg , E.A. , (1902): and King, L.W., The Annals of the Kings of Assyria , 1 , London.
Dringer , D. , (1962): Writing , London.
Dupont – Sommer , A., (1949): Les Arameens .
Grayson , A.K. , (1981): Assyrian Royal Inscriptions , Rome, 2 .
Grayson, (1975): Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicals , New York.
King, L.W., (1907): Chronicles Concerning Early Babylonian Kings ,2 Vols, London, 2,
Lambert W.G. , (1968): Journal of Ancient Oriental Studies, 88.
Luckenbill , (1926-1927): Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia , 2 vols , Chigacago.
Saggs , H.W.F. , (1980): Iraq 42.
Tadmor H. , (1958) Journal of Near Eastern Studies 17.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licensing:
For all articles published in Journal of Studies in History and Archeology, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers: It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Al-Adab Journal cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.