The Chinese Exclusion Acts in the United State of American ,Causes and Consequences (1882-1902)

Authors

  • Barik Ahmed Tali وزارة التربية /مديرية تربية بغداد _الرصافة الاولى

Keywords:

immigration law, Chinese exclusion, the United States of America, page law

Abstract

This research discusses the “Chinese Exclusion Act in the United States, Causes and Consequences 1882-1902,” which is one of the most important laws that dealt with Chinese immigrants and determined their income on the basis of race. The problem is represented in the following question: “Was the economic factor and the protection of the cultural identity of the American society the main reason that prompted the American legislators to issue these laws, or are there other reasons behind that ? The research reached a set of results, including: such as the presence of the Chinese, especially in the western states, a problem that raised the governments of those states, especially after the tensions that occurred between American workers and their Chinese counterparts, as most American workers viewed the expatriate workers as the reason for lowering wages and reducing job opportunities. This prompted them to attack the Chinese gatherings and demand their expulsion. The Big Law of March 3, 1875 was the first law that dealt with Chinese immigration and that put barriers to entry for some groups of Chinese society. The United States, as this law completely prevented the arrival of Chinese workers and placed harsh conditions on other groups, and it had great repercussions in all fields, and the work of its content continued for more than two decades.

References

Abrams, Kerry ,(2005), "Polygamy, Prostitution, and the Federalization of Immigration Law". Columbia Law Review ,VOL. 105 , NO. 3.

Alexandria gazette newspaper, September 12, 1892

Austin, Allan W.,(2015) Huping Ling , Asian American History and Culture: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia , Routledge .

Bayor, Ronald H.,(2011) , Multicultural America: An Encyclopedia of the Newest Americans ,4 volumes, ABC-CLIO.

Blume, Kenneth J. , (2016), Historical Dictionary of U.S. Diplomacy from the Civil War to World War I , Rowman & Littlefield .

Bunting, Josiah, (2004), American presidents series , Thorndike Press,.

Capace, Nancy and others ,(1999), Encyclopedia of California , North American Book Dist LLC.

Cheng, Emily Hwa , (1955), China and the Burlingame Treaty of 1868 , University of Georgia.

Chinese immigration : speech of William W. Rice, of Massachusetts, in the House of Representatives, March 15, 1882. (1989). (Washingtion: 1882); University of Arizona. Division of Economic and Business Research, Arizona Statistical Abstract: A Data Handbook, Northland Press.

Ciment, James and, Radzilowski, John, (2015) , American Immigration: An Encyclopedia of Political, Social, and Cultural Change , Routledge .

constitution of the state of California ,California :Sacramento :state office ,J.D. young ,supt. state printing, 1880, article 19.

Danico, Mary Yu,(2014), Asian American Society: An Encyclopedia ,SAGE Publications.

Dobson, John M. ,(2009), Belligerents, Brinkmanship, and the Big Stick: A Historical Encyclopedia of American Diplomatic Concepts, ABC-CLIO.

Gold, Martin , (2011), Forbidden Citizens: Chinese Exclusion and the U.S. Congress : a Legislative History , The Capitol Net Inc.

Graff, Henry Franklin and Cleveland, Grover, (2002): The American Presidents Series: The 22nd and 24th President, 1885-1889 and 1893-1897 , Henry Holt and Company .

Guns in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law, 2nd Edition ,3 Vol , ABC-CLIO, 2012, P.532 .

Hanes, William Travis and Sanello, Frank , (2002),The Opium Wars: The Addiction of One Empire and the Corruption of Another, Sourcebooks, Inc.

Hayes, Patrick J. ,(2012), The Making of Modern Immigration: An Encyclopedia of People and Ideas ,2 volumes, ABC-CLIO.

https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/chinese-exclusion-act

https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/seventh-annual-message-3 .

Huang, Xiao and koehn, peter, (2015), The Expanding Roles of Chinese Americans in U.S . China Relation, New York , Routledge.

Lee, Catherine ,( June 2010) Race, Gender, and Chinese and Japanese Exclusion in the United States 1870–1924 , Sociological Forum , Vol. 25, No. 2.

LeMay, Michael C. and others ,(1999), U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Laws and Issues: A Documentary History : Primary documents in American history and contemporary issues, Greenwood Publishing Group.

Milford chronicle. Newspaper , June 30, 1893 .

Moon, Krystyn R. ,(2018), "Immigration Restrictions and International Education: Early Tensions in the Pacific Northwest, 1890s-1910s", History of Education Quarterly.

Motomura, Hiroshi ,(2014), Immigration Outside the Law , Oxford University Press .

Pafford, John M. and Arthur, Chester A., (2019): The Accidental President , Regnery History.

Racisms, Maping , (2012), Defining America: Through Immigration Policy, Temple University Press.

Report of the secretary of the treasury on the state of the finances, United states, Dept. of the treasury 33d congress, 2nd session, senate, Washington, senate printer, 1854.

Sarat, Austin ,(2020)Studies in Law, Politics, and Society,Emerald Group Publishing .

Segal, Uma A.,(2002), A Framework for Immigration: Asians in the United States,Columbia University Press.

Smith, Shirley Wheeler and Angell, James Burrill, (1954), An American Influence , University of Michigan Press.

Soennichsen, John Robert ,(2011), The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 , ABC-CLIO.

Song, Yuwu, (2009), Encyclopedia of Chinese-American Relations, McFarland .

Tarling, Nicholas and Gomez, Terence, (2008), The State, Development and Identity in Multi Ethnic Societies: Ethnicity, Equity and the Nation, Routledge.

The daily herald newspaper, May 20, 1893.

The Londonderry sifter newspaper , September 09, 1892 .

United States ,Statutes of the United States of America Passed at the Session of the Congress ,U.S. Government Printing Office, 1888

United States Congress , Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the Congress, part 5 ,Vol 38 , U.S. Government Printing Office, 1904 .

United States Congress Serial Collection, Vol. 3150 ,U.S. Government Printing Office, 1893.

United States Department of the Treasury. Navigation Bureau , Navigation Laws of the United States ,1886.

United States. Congress House. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce ,Hearings, Reports and Prints of the House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce ,U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976 .

United States. Department of State , Foreign Relations of the United States, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1893 .

United States. Dept. of the Treasury. Bureau of Statistics ,Arrivals of Alien Passengers and Immigrants in the United States from 1820 to 1888 ,U.S. Government Printing Office, 1889.

Wood, Susie Harriett, (1930),The Evolution of the Federal Immigration Act of 1882 ,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,.

Yamato, Alexander ,(1993) Asian Americans in the United States , Kendall Hunt Publishing Company.

Zhao, Xiaojian and W., Edward J. ,(2013), Asian Americans: An Encyclopedia of Social, Cultural, Economic, and Political History , ABC-CLIO.

Downloads

Published

2022-12-20

Issue

Section

historiography

How to Cite

The Chinese Exclusion Acts in the United State of American ,Causes and Consequences (1882-1902). (2022). Journal of Studies in History and Archeology, 83, 91-114. https://jcoart.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/2075-3047/article/view/272

Similar Articles

1-10 of 61

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.