التطورات الاقتصادية وخطط التنمية في جمهورية كوريا (1961-1981)
Keywords:
جمهورية كوريا, صناعة, تاريخAbstract
General Park Chung-hee carried out a military coup in 1961, thirteen years after the founding of the Republic of Korea in the South Korean peninsula. Park's government administration embarked on the country's economic development and began to develop the first five-year plans during the years (1962-1966) that focused on developing textiles and light industries such as shoes and wood directed for export, taking advantage of the abundance of highly skilled labor and building a sound economy and sustainable growth. Then it moved to implement the second five-year plan (1967-1971). This plan emphasized modernizing the industrial structure and quickly building import-substituting industries, especially iron and steel, machinery, and chemical industries. This was followed by the third five-year plan (1972-1976), in which the Korean government, led by Park, moved to expand heavy and chemical industries through investment, and worked primarily to bring the country into the international competitive market by developing these strategic industries. Then came the fourth five-year plan (1977-1981), and this plan was launched to enhance the development of industries designed to compete. Effectively in global export markets, it consisted of high-tech industries characterized by the density of skilled labor such as machinery, electronics and shipbuilding. The plan also emphasized the continuation of large heavy and chemical industries, especially iron, steel, petrochemicals and other metals.
References
أولاً/الرسائل والأطاريح الجامعية
طلال اسماعيل ابراهيم , التجربة الكورية دراسة في ثنائية التقليد والحداثة في جمهورية كوريا 1948-1988 , رسالة ماجستير , كلية الآداب , جامعة بغداد , 2014 .
ثانياً/الكتب والبحوث المنشورة باللغة الإنكليزية
1) Adrian Buzo, The making of modern Korea, library of Congress, U.S.A, 2002.
2) Andrea Matles Savada and others, South Korea a country study, area handbook series, library of Congress, U.S.A, First printing, 1992.
3) Byung Kook Kim and Ezra F. Vogel, The Park Chung Hee Era, Harvard University press, U.S.A, 2011.
4) Jinwung Kim, A history of Korea, From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University press, U.S.A, 2012.
5) John p.Dimoia, South Korean Technical aid and Scientific Cooperation, International Journal of Korean history, Vol.29 No.1, Feb.2024.
6) Paul Donnelle, Assassination, U.K, 2012.
7) USAID, Historical Bibliography of the United States Agency for International Development, University of California, Berkeley, 2005.
8) Young lck Lew, Brief history of Korea, New York, U.S.A, 2000.
9) Young lck Lew ,The Making of the First Korean President Syngman Rhee’s Quest for Independence 1875-1965 , library of Congress , U.S.A , 2014.
ثالثاً/ البحوث المنشورة باللغة العربية
1) أحمد محمد نادي , تطور الاصلاح الاقتصادي في كوريا الجنوبية , مجلة آفاق آسيوية , العدد السابع , 2021.
2) حازم حسانين , أمل علي ابراهيم , التجربة الكورية الجنوبية كيف سارت ؟؟ وكيف يمكن الاستفادة منها , أركان للدراسات والأبحاث والنشر , بلا تاريخ .
3) زعيش محمد , كوريا الجنوبية تجربة رائدة في التنمية الاقتصادية , مجلة شعاع للدراسات الاقتصادية , المجلد الثالث , العدد الأول , آذار 2019.
4) سعيد رشيد عبد النبي , التجربة الكورية الجنوبية في التنمية , مجلة دراسات دولية , العدد 38 , تشرين الأول 2008.
5) صفاء كريم شكر , الحداثة والتحديث في كوريا الجنوبية بارك شونغ هي إنموذجاً (1961-1979) , مجلة إكليل للدراسات الانسانية , العدد الأول , المجلد الثاني , 2021.
6) عدنان فرحان عبد الحسين , دراسة تحليلية لمرتكزات نجاح التجربة التنموية في كوريا الجنوبية للمدة (1965-2005) , مجلة العلوم الاقتصادية , جامعة البصرة , العدد 18 , نيسان 2006.
7) عزازان حفيظة , التنمية الاقتصادية في كوريا الجنوبية من اقتصاد زراعي متخلف الى اقتصاد صناعي متقدم , مجلة التنظيم والعمل , المجلد 5 , العدد 4 , تشرين الثاني 2016.
8) محمد عادل هاشم ابراهيم , تجربة كوريا الجنوبية التنموية , مجلة الفكر القانوني والاقتصادي , العدد 2 , السنة 11 , حزيران 2021.
9) والي ابراهيم الخليل , دور البعدين الداخلي والخارجي على عملية التنمية الاقتصادية في كوريا الجنوبية , مجلة الأستاذ الباحث للدراسات القانونية والسياسية , العدد 11 , أيلول 2018.
رابعاً/ مواقع الإنترنت الإلكترونية
1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Myon
2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chong
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