الزخارف الحيوانية والمركبة في السجاد الاسلامي

Abstract

This research explores the significance of mythical animal motifs in Islamic art, particularly focusing on carpet designs as one of the most prominent decorative art forms. The study examines the historical development of these motifs and their influences from various civilizations, including Persian, Byzantine, and Chinese cultures, which significantly contributed to shaping Islamic artistic identity. It highlights how Muslim artists employed abstraction and transformation techniques to avoid realistic depictions of living beings under religious principles, leading to the creation of unique and innovative designs. These mythical motifs carried different meanings; for instance, dragons often symbolized strength and protection, while the phoenix represented wisdom and renewal, and certain motifs such as winged horses or lions had religious connotations.

The research also examines the various techniques used in weaving carpets with mythical animal motifs and how these techniques evolved over different historical periods. It delves into the artistic schools that contributed to the advancement of this decorative tradition, such as the Safavid school, known for its intricate detailing, and the Ottoman school, which often incorporated geometric patterns with abstracted natural forms.

Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of preserving this unique artistic heritage, which reflects a rich cultural and historical exchange between civilizations. Islamic carpets have long served as an essential element in expressing spiritual and aesthetic values. However, with modern industrialization, traditional carpet weaving faces significant challenges, including the loss of ancestral craftsmanship and the increasing preference for mass production. The research advocates for preserving this heritage and supporting artisans who continue to create these exquisite works using traditional methods.

Ultimately, this study affirms that mythical animal motifs in Islamic carpets serve not only as artistic elements but also as cultural symbols that demonstrate the dynamic interaction between different artistic traditions. These motifs continue to represent a fusion of aesthetics, spirituality, and history, preserving an invaluable aspect of Islamic visual culture.