aliabead aldiyniat walnafsiat likafalat alyatim eind sahabat alnabi()
dirasat tarikhayh ajtimaeayh hataa nihayat aleasr alraashidi(nimadhij mukhtaratun)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65074/x9w1mf77Keywords:
الابعاد. اليتيم .اجتماعبةAbstract
Received: 2026 / 06 / 11
Revision: 2026 / 07 / 03
Accepted: 2026 / 07 / 26
Published: 2026 / 09 / 30
hatha aldiyn alaslamia ealaa rieayat wakafalatih alyatim wahi man abhaa alqiam alansaniat lima laha min athar kabir fi altakaful alaijtimaeii, wadhalik lan alyatim makhluq daeif qadar allah wujudah fi hadhih alhayaat wahu man faqad 'abah wahu dun albulugh dhikaran 'aw 'unthaa, faqad awlaa alaisalam fi hadhih alfiat aihtimaman balighan faduei alaa alahisan alhama wahifz huquqihim, lidha kanat kafalat alyatim min akthur suar altakaful alati akad ealayha aldiyn alaslami, li'ajl bina' mujtamae asalamiin mutamasik qayim ealaa alrahmati. walihadha 'uwlaa alquran walsunat alnabawiat einayat khasatan bialyatim mutamathilatan bialnusus alshareiat kama jasad alnabiu (r)hu alakhar wasahabatuh 'arwae alnamadhij fi rieayat al'aytam , hataa 'asbahat kafalatuhum min al'aemal alati yataqarab biha almuslim 'iilaa allah jala ealahu
References
Ibn al-Athir, Abu al-Sa'adat al-Mubarak ibn Muhammad al-Jazari (d. 606 AH), Al-Nihayah fi Gharib al-Hadith wa al-Athar, edited by: Tahir Ahmad al-Zawi and Mahmud Muhammad al-Tanahi, Al-Maktabah al-'Ilmiyyah, (Beirut – 1979 CE).
- Al-Ishbili, Abu Muhammad 'Abd al-Haqq (d. 581 AH), Al-Ahkam al-Shar'iyyah al-Kubra, edited by: Abu 'Abd Allah Husayn ibn 'Ukasha, Maktabat al-Rushd, (Riyadh – 1422 AH/2001 CE).
- Al-Isfahani, Abu Nu'aym Ahmad ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Ahmad ibn Ishaq ibn Musa ibn Mihran (d. 430 AH), Hilyat al-Awliya' wa Tabaqat al-Asfiya', (Beirut – 1394 AH/1974 CE) .
----------- History of Isfahan, edited by Sayyid Kasravi Hassan, 1st edition, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, (Beirut, 1990).
- Bahshal, Abu al-Hasan Aslam ibn Sahl ibn Aslam ibn Habib al-Razzaz al-Wasiti (d. 292 AH), History of Wasit, edited by Korkis Awad, 1st edition, Alam al-Kutub, (Beirut, 1406 AH).
- Al-Bukhari, Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Ju'fi (d. 256 AH), Al-Tarikh al-Awsat, edited by Mahmoud Ibrahim Zayed, 1st edition, Dar al-Turath Library, (Cairo).
- Al-Adab al-Mufrad, edited by Muhammad Nasir al-Din al-Albani, 4th edition, Dar al-Siddiq for Publishing and Distribution, (1419 AH/1998 CE).
- Al-Bayhaqi, Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Husayn ibn Ali ibn Musa (d. 458 AH), Al-Sunan al-Kubra, edited by Muhammad Abd al-Qadir Atta, 3rd edition, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, (Beirut - 2003 CE).
- Manaqib al-Shafi'i by al-Bayhaqi, edited by al-Sayyid Ahmad Saqr, 1st edition, Dar al-Turath Library, (Cairo - 1390 AH/1970 CE.
- Ibn Taymiyyah, Taqi al-Din Ahmad ibn Abd al-Halim ibn Abd al-Salam ibn Abdullah al-Harrani al-Dimashqi al-Hanbali (d. 728 AH), Al-Fatawa al-Kubra, edited by: Hassanein Muhammad Makhlouf, Dar Al-Ma’rifah, (Beirut - 1386 AH).
- Ibn Hibban, Abu Hatim Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Mu'adh ibn Sa'id al-Busti (d. 354 AH), Sahih Ibn Hibban, arranged by Ibn Balban, edited by Shu'ayb al-Arna'ut, 2nd edition, Al-Risalah Foundation, (Beirut, 1993 CE).
- Ibn Hanbal, Abu 'Abd Allah Ahmad ibn Hanbal ibn Muhammad ibn Hilal al-Shaybani (d. 241 AH), Musnad al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, edited by al-Sayyid Abu al-Ma'ati al-Nuri, 1st edition, 'Alam al-Kutub, (Beirut, 1419 AH/1998 CE).
- Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn 'Ali ibn Thabit ibn Ahmad ibn Mahdi (d. 463 AH), Tarikh Baghdad, edited by Bashar 'Awad Ma'ruf, 1st edition, Dar al-Gharb al-Islami, (Beirut, 1422 AH/2002 CE).
- Al-Zamakhshari, Abu al-Qasim Mahmud ibn Amr ibn Ahmad Jar Allah (d. 538 AH), Asas al-Balaghah, edited by Muhammad Basil Uyun al-Sud, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, (Beirut - 1419 AH).
- Al-Kashshaf 'an Haqa'iq Ghawamid al-Tanzil, 3rd ed., Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, (Beirut - 1407 AH).
- Ibn Zanjawayh, Abu Ahmad Hamid ibn Makhlad ibn Qutaybah ibn Abdullah al-Khurasani (d. 251 AH), Al-Amwal, edited by Shakir Dhib Fayyad, 1st ed., King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies (Saudi Arabia - 1406 AH/1986 CE).
- Ibn Abi al-Saddad, Abd al-Wahid ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abi al-Saddad al-Umawi al-Malaqi (d. 705 AH), Al-'Adhab al-Namir, edited by Ahmad Abdullah Ahmad al-Muqri', Dar al-Funun for Printing and Publishing, (Jeddah - 1411 AH/1990 CE).
- Ibn Sa'd, Muhammad ibn Mani' al-Basri al-Baghdadi (d. 230 AH), Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, edited by Muhammad 'Abd al-Qadir 'Ata, Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya, (Beirut - 1410 AH/1990 CE).
- Ibn Sallam, Abu 'Ubayd al-Qasim ibn Sallam al-Harawi al-Baghdadi (d. 224 AH), Al-Amwal, edited by Khalil Muhammad Harras, Dar al-Fikr, (Beirut - 1408 AH).
- Al-Tabarani, Abu al-Qasim Sulayman ibn Ahmad ibn Ayyub ibn Mutayr al-Lakhmi al-Shami (d. 360 AH), Al-Mu'jam al-Awsat, edited by Tariq ibn 'Awad Allah ibn Muhammad al-Husayni, Dar al-Haramayn, (Cairo - 1994 CE).
- Al-Tabari, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir (d. 310 AH), *History of the Prophets and Kings*, 1st ed., Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya, (Beirut, 1986 CE).
- Ibn Abi 'Asim, Abu Bakr ibn Abi 'Asim, also known as Ahmad ibn 'Amr ibn al-Dahhak ibn Mukhallad al-Shaybani (d. 287 AH), *Al-Ahad wa al-Mathani*, edited by Basim Faisal Ahmad al-Jawabra, 1st ed., Dar al-Rayya, (Riyadh, 1411 AH/1991 CE).
- Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, Yusuf ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad al-Numayri (d. 463 AH), *Al-Isti'ab fi Ma'rifat al-Ashab*, edited by 'Ali Muhammad al-Bajawi, 1st ed., Dar al-Jil, (Beirut, 1412 AH).
- Al-Fayyumi, Abu al-'Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn 'Ali al-Fayyumi al-Hamawi (d. 770 AH), *Al-Misbah al-Munir fi Gharib al-Sharh al-Kabir*, Al-Maktabah al-'Ilmiyya, (Beirut, n.d.).
- Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr Ayyub al-Zar'i (d. 751 AH), Zad al-Ma'ad fi Huda Khayr al-'Ibad, edited by Shu'ayb al-Arna'ut and 'Abd al-Qadir al-Arna'ut, 14th edition, Al-Risalah Foundation, Al-Manar Islamic Library, (Beirut, 1986 CE).
- Al-Mawardi, Abu al-Hasan 'Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Habib al-Basri (d. 450 AH), Al-Hawi fi Fiqh al-Shafi'i, 1st edition, Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya, (Beirut, 1414 AH/1994 CE).
- Ibn Manzur, Abu al-Fadl Jamal al-Din Muhammad ibn Mukarram al-Afriqi (d. 711 AH), Lisan al-'Arab, 3rd edition, Dar Sader, (Beirut, 1993 CE).
- Al-Nasa'i, Abu Abd al-Rahman Ahmad ibn Shu'ayb ibn Ali al-Khorasani (d. 303 AH), Sunan, edited by Abd al-Ghaffar Sulayman, 1st edition, Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyyah, (Beirut - n.d.).
- Al-Nuri, Abu al-Fadl al-Sayyid Abu al-Ma'ati al-Nuri (d. 1401 AH), Al-Musnad al-Jami' al-Mu'allal, (n.d.).
- Al-Nawawi, Abu Zakariya Muhyi al-Din Yahya ibn Sharaf al-Din al-Dimashqi (d. 676 AH), Al-Minhaj Sharh Sahih Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, 2nd edition, Dar Ihya' al-Turath al-'Arabi, (Beirut - 1392 AH).
- Khulasat al-Ahkam fi Muhimmat al-Sunan wa Qawa'id al-Islam, edited by Husayn Isma'il al-Jamal, 1st edition, Mu'assasat al-Risalah, (Beirut - 1418 AH/1997 CE).
- Al-Hindi, Ala' al-Din Ali ibn Husam al-Din al-Muttaqi al-Hindi al-Burhan (d. 975 AH), Kanz al-'Ummal fi Sunan al-Aqwal wa al-Af'al, edited by Bakri Hayyani et al., 5th edition, Al-Risalah Foundation, (Beirut, 1401 AH).
Secondly, Modern References:
- Al-Zuhayli, Wahbah al-Zuhayli, Al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuhu, University of Damascus - Faculty of Sharia, (Damascus, n.d.).
- Tabl, Muhammad Mujahid et al., Adab Mu'amalat al-Yatim, Dar al-Sahaba li al-Turath, 1st edition, (Egypt, 1992 CE).
- Al-Qasimi, Muhammad Jamal al-Din ibn Muhammad Sa'id ibn Qasim al-Hallaq al-Qasimi (d. 1332 AH), Maw'izat al-Mu'minin min Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din, edited by Ma'mun ibn Muhyi al-Din al-Jinan, Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyyah, (n.d., 1415 AH/1995 CE).
- Al-Mujaddidi, Muhammad Amim al-Ihsan al-Mujaddidi al-Barakati, Al-Ta'rifat al-Fiqhiyya (Jurisprudential Definitions), 1st ed., Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya (Pakistan, 1407 AH/1986 CE).
- Mukhtar, Ahmad Mukhtar 'Abd al-Hamid 'Umar (d. 1424 AH), Mu'jam al-Sawab al-Lughawi (Dictionary of Correct Linguistic Expressions), 1st ed., 'Alam al-Kutub (Cairo, 1429 AH/2008 CE).
- Mustafa, Ibrahim, et al., Al-Mu'jam al-Wasit (The Concise Dictionary), edited by the Arabic Language Academy (P.A.).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Studies in History and Archeology

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licensing:
For all articles published in Journal of Studies in History and Archeology, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers: It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Al-Adab Journal cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.











