إيجابيات و سلبيات المدارس الأهلية في العراق (المرحلة الإبتدائي– المرحلة الإعدادي ) 1921-2017

الوثائق المنشورة :

-الحكومة العراقية ،التقرير السنوي لوزارة المعارف ، سنة 1961.

- نظام التعليم الأهلي وال،جنبي رقم (5)لسنة 2013 ، الأمانة العامة لمجلس الوزراء ، العدد م.ر.ن.2013/ 11/25

- وزارة التربية ، اللجنة الفاحصة للامتحانات العامة / تقرير المدارس الأوائل حسب نسب النجاح لجميع المحافظات لسنة 2016-2017-لفرعي العلمي والادبي

المصادر العربية والمعربة :-

- أحمد أسماعيل ياغي ، سياسة مدحت باشا والي العراق العثماني تجاه الخليج العربي ، رأس الخيمة ، 2001.

- جمال اسد مزعل ، التربية والتعليم بعد الاحتلال البريطاني للموصل 1918 ، موسوعة الموصل الحضارية ، ج 5، الموصل ،1992.

- حنا بطاطو ، العراق ، ترجمة عفيف الرزاز ، ج1 ،بيروت . حنا بطاطو ، العراق ، ترجمة عفيف الرزاز ، ج1 ، بيروت.

- ذنون الطائي ، الأوضاع الادارية في الموصل خلال العهد الملكي 1921-1858 ، جامعة الموصل 2008.

- عبد العزيز سليمان نوار ، تاريخ العراق الحديث 1832-1872 ،القاهرة ، 1968.

- نوال كشيش محمد الزبيدي ،تطور التعليم في العراق من عام 1958-1968، بغداد ، 2009.

- هنري فوستر ، نشأة العراق الحديث ، ترجمة سليم طه التكريتي ، ج2 بغداد ، 1989.

الرسائل الجامعية :-

- وفاء كاظم ماضي محمد ، تطور الحركة النسوية في العراق ، رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة ، كلية التربية ( ابن رشد ) ، جامعة بغداد ، 2000.

الصحف العراقية :-

-عبد الكاظم محمد حسون ، واقع التعليم في العراق ، الزمان ( جريدة )، لندن ، في 30 كانون الثاني ‬‬‬‬2015.

-- الوقائع العراقية ، (جريدة ) ، العدد( 1435 ) ، في 10 – 7 – 1967.

- العدد (1545) ، في 14/3/1968.

- العدد(4308) ، في 3/2/2014 .

المقابلات الشخصية :-

- مقابلة شخصية مع مؤسس مدرسة الجواهري الابتدائية الاهلية السيد ماجد ، في 12/12 /2017.

- مقابلة مع المشرفة التربوية (س.ج) ، 14/12/2017.

-لقاء مع السيدة دعاء هادي والدة احد طلبة ثانوية الاقمار الاهلية في بغداد ،19/12/2017 .

-مقابلة شخصية مع الست ندى توفيق مسؤولة التنظيم والرقابة في مديرية التعليم الاهلي لوزارة التربية ، في يوم الثلاثاء 12/12/ 2017.

- مقابلة شخصية مع السيد ماجد مؤسس مدرسة الجواهري الابتدائية العلمية الاهلية ،في 7/12/2017.

- زيارة ميدانية للباحثة لبعض المدارس الاهلية في بغداد جانب الرصافة .

شبكة الانترنت :-

https://ar.wikipedia.org التعليم في العراق -

Summary of research / pros and cons of private schools in Iraq

(Primary stage - preparatory stage)

-2017

Education is an important indicator of the development of societies, their development and the advancement of their culture to the top. The interest in education has become a Feature of this age after recognizing the people and societies its importance, and reflects positive or negative results on the development of the nations.

Iraq was one of those nations that were keen to pay attention to education and educational institutions, especially after the formation of the Kingdom of Iraq in 1921 with the help of the British Mandate in Iraq, Which decided to hand over the case of education to the Iraqis, and establish schools in Arabic after being taught in Turkish with the presence of private schools of sects and religions in Iraq, and some missionary associations in northern Iraq, Basra, Baghdad and this was the core of private education in Iraq So the subject of our research will be the pros and cons of private schools in Iraq from the elementary to the preparatory stage (1921-2017).

The research is divided into two chapters, the first chapter includes the importance of private education in the royal era in 1921-1958, which went side by side with government education according to legal framework under the supervision of the Iraqi Ministry of Education and follow the government educational curricula. The intervention of the government in the appointment of teaching staff was according to the educational scientific standards which strengthened its role in the graduation of specialized scientific cadres that contributed effectively to the promotion of education.

The goals of these schools were educationals that concern the quality not the quantity, their goals were not material, but the Ministry of Education was the provider of material aid. The chapter also includes the interest of the revolution of July 14, 1958 in the private education and its expansion until the number of schools increased from (30) to (87) schools. The number increased to reach (102) schools in 1967 without obtaining the Ministry any financial amount from those schools in order to encourage them to provide the community with good and specialized cadres.

The chapter also refers to the policy of the Ba'th regime, which took over power in 1968. It is also part of its policy to abolish private education in Iraq and turn it into public education.

While the second chapter of the research dealt with the failures of the educational process in Iraq in all its stages as a result of the policy of the regime that introduced Iraq in successive wars from 1980 until the fall of the regime in 2003 Which led to the decline of services and school supplies and the low level of living of the individual and directly affect an important sector of state employees, including educational staff and the dropout of students from schools, which led to the spread of illiteracy again.

The second chapter dealt with the process of the spread of private schools in all stages, and randomly without deliberate planning, under different headings that are not related to the educational process which was set by the private educational system in 2013 which sets its own educational goals.

The study also pointed to the pros and cons of these schools through visits to some schools in the Rusafa side of Baghdad, and to survey the views of some of the families of Iraqi children studying in private schools.

The study pointed to the most important negative and positive results of the private education, the role of the Directorate of Private Education in follow-up and supervision, and monitoring the negatives and the level of success achieved in these schools with reference to some of the reliable sources that provided the research with important information in the completion of research and interviews relevant in the course of the research.. I hope that this semi-field research will be a modest contribution to the education and its lofty goals in serving Iraq

Assistant Lecturer Kafi Salman Murad Al Jaderi.