The journey of the god (Ra) in the underworld according to the scenes and texts of the Book of Gates (Majat An-Sabau)md3t n sb3w) (The first hour to the third hour as a model)
Keywords:
the gates, the god (Ra), the underworld, ordeal, story, siaAbstract
The concept of the ancient underworld in the ancient Egyptian belief stems from ancient Egyptian thought since the time of the Old Kingdom, and this research deals with the content of scenes and texts of the first three hours gates of the book (The Gates), which appeared at the end of the New Kingdom (1580-1314 BC), specifically during The period of the reign of King Horemheb, and his tomb is considered one of the landmarks of the Valley of the Kings in the capital Thebes at the time (Luxor) at present, and the book The Gates is considered one of the religious funerary literature and dealt with concepts related to the underworld, as it came along the lines of ancient Egyptian thought, and among these concepts (The Gate of the First Hour - Gate The second hour - the gate of the third hour as a model) It included the night journey of the god (Ra) and his entry into the gate of the hours of the book, and it appears to us at each gate of the guards represented by flame snakes spewing fire in the face of enemies and others dedicated to lighting the way for the god (Ra) and also the presence of coquis that cheer and welcome the arrival After that, God enters the region of the hour and proceeds with the journey until the last hour of the night to reach twilight, and the sun disk may appear for Christmas again.
The purpose of the research is to learn more about the nature of the underworld, study and analyze it, and also to know the transitional stage and the nature of life after death, which occupies his thoughts to realize the obstacles that the deceased will face in this hidden world, as well as likening this thought to the process of sunset and its disappearance until sunrise, so he began to think and compare the cycle of the sun daily life and the deceased in the underworld, which gave a valuable opportunity for the ancient Egyptian to learn about the nature of the underworld through funerary religious books, including the book (The Gates), which appeared to us through the crossing of the god (Ra) the western horizon region, as well as the significance of the research revolves around knowing the functions The deities accompanying the deity and the regions of the underworld, and this significance is what realized our thoughts to study and know the ancient Egyptian faith.
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