مستعمرة مساشوستس (1620-1660)
مستعمرة مساشوستس (1620-1660)
Abstract
المقدمة:
أستوطن القارة الأمريكية منذ اكتشافها عام 1492 عدد كبير من المهاجرين الانكليز والأوربيين، وقد أرتبط نشوء المستعمرات الأمريكية بجملة ظروف ومتغيرات وذلك لما شهدته أوربا من أضطربات سياسية واقتصادية ودينية في القرنين الخامس عشر والسادس عشر، أسهمت في فتح باب الهجرة الى العالم الجديد لأولئك الباحثين عن حياة رغيدة بعيداً عن مساؤى العالم القديم. ولعل الوازع الديني كان أساساً في هجرة العديد من الانكليز هرباً من الاستبداد الديني لأسرة آل ستيوارت، لاسيما الجماعات البيوريتانية التي هاجرت الى أمريكا الشمالية عام 1620، وأسهموا في بناء مجتمع حظي بنوع من الحكم الذاتي. إذ منح التاج الانكليزي مواثيق خاصة خولتهم في اختيار حاكماً وعدد من المساعدين لإدارة شؤونهم الإدارية والسياسية، وأسسوا المجالس التشريعية والتمثيلية .
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