The British political efforts to stop The Russian penetration in India (1856-1907 ) A reading in a model of international conflicts in the pre-World War I era

Abstract

   The British-Russian rivalry has ancient roots since Russia entered the colonial system, but we note the increased competition between the two parties in the year (1854) with Britain entering the Crimean War (1853-1856) against Russia, in a desire to stop Russian expansion at the expense of the Ottoman Empire, for fear of the Russians reaching the sea  The Mediterranean, which threatens its colonial interests in Egypt and India, as British politicians believed that the Russian threat to the British colonies in the east had disappeared after Russia’s defeat in the Crimean War.  Although the Russian colonization of Siberia did not pose a threat to the interests of European countries, the Russian colonization of Central Asia provoked the British-Russian competition in India, especially since the British policy was aimed at securing the northwestern borders of India, and transferring the area of   conflict between the two sides to the heart of Asia, and finally  This conflict, with its political and military manifestations, is a reflection of economic goals represented by the presence of important reservoirs of economic resources, as well as the strategic location of Afghanistan and Persia for  The passage of these resources to important global markets, especially in Europe. This study will show the strategic and economic importance of the Central Asian region.