تمرد فريز في بنسلفانيا
1798-1799
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65074/z8yr4786الكلمات المفتاحية:
تمرد- فريز- تاريخ- امريكاالملخص
تمرد فريز انتفاضة محلية تولتها الجالية الالمانية في المقاطعات الشرقية من ولاية بنسلفانيا في السنوات 1798-1799؛ بنتيجة سوء الادارة الحكومية الفيدرالية واعتمادها على الضرائب في تدبير واردات مالية استعداداً لحرب محتملة مع الفرنسيين في نهاية 1798.
تزعم جون فريز واتباعه حركة التمرد، وتمكن من اطلاق سراح بعض المسجونين من ابناء جلدته في احد حانات بيت لحم في 7 اذار1799؛ الامر الذي استتبع قيام ادارة الرئيس آدمز بحشد الامكانيات لإخماد التمرد واعادة الاستقرار الى تلكم المقاطعات .
اسفر قمع التمرد عن اعادة هيبة الدولة، وترسيخ النظام والالتزام بالقوانين النافذة، فضلاً عن اعادة توجيه بوصلة الحكومة للاهتمام بالجاليات الجديدة وضرورة دمجها وطنياً في أطر من المواطنة بعيداً عن الانحيازات الاثنية والدينية. والمهم من كل هذا، اقناع المتربصين بالنظام الحكومي الفيدرالي بعدم جدوى المحاولة لإحداث التغيير باستخدام الوسائل العنيفة.
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التنزيلات
منشور
إصدار
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:حقوق الطبع والنشر والترخيص
بالنسبة لجميع البحوث المنشورة في مجلة دراسات في التاريخ والآثار، يحتفظ الباحثون بحقوق النشر. يتم ترخيص البحوث بموجب ترخيص Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 المفتوح ، مما يعني أنه يجوز لأي شخص تنزيل البحث وقراءته مجانًا. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، يجوز إعادة استخدام البحث واقتباسه شريطة أن يتم الاستشهاد المصدر المنشور الأصلي. تتيح هذه الشروط الاستخدام الأقصى لعمل الباحث وعرضه.
:إعادة إنتاج البحوث المنشورة من الناشرين الآخرين
من الضروري للغاية أن يحصل الباحثون على إذن لإعادة إنتاج أي بحث منشورة (أشكال أو مخططات أو جداول أو أي مقتطفات من نص) لا يدخل في نطاق الملكية العامة أو لا يملكون حقوق نشرها. يجب أن يطلب الباحثون إذنًا من مؤلف حقوق النشر (عادة ما يكون الناشر).
يطلب الإذن في الحالات التالية:
بحوثك الخاصة المنشورة من قِبل ناشرين آخرين ولم تحتفظ بحقوق النشر الخاصة بها.
مقتطفات كبيرة من بحوث أي شخص أو سلسلة من البحوث المنشورة.
استخدم الجداول والرسوم البيانية والمخططات والمخططات والأعمال الفنية إذا لم يتم التعديل عليها.
الصور الفوتوغرافية التي لا تملك حقوق لنشرها.
لا يطلب الإذن في الحالات التالية:
إعادة بناء الجدول الخاص بك مع البيانات المنشورة بالفعل في مكان آخر. يرجى ملاحظة أنه في هذه الحالة يجب عليك ذكر مصدر البيانات في شكل "بيانات من ..." أو "مقتبس من ...".
تعتبر عروض الأسعار القصيرة معقولة الاستخدام العادل ، وبالتالي لا تتطلب إذنًا.
الرسوم البيانية ، الرسوم البيانية ، المخططات ، الأعمال الفنية التي أعاد الباحث رسمها بالكامل والتي تم تغييرها بشكل ملحوظ إلى درجة لا تتطلب الاعتراف.
الحصول على إذن
لتجنب التأخير غير الضروري في عملية النشر ، يجب أن تبدأ في الحصول على أذونات في أقرب وقت ممكن. لا يمكن لمجلة الآداب نشر بحث مقتبس من منشورات أخرى دون إذن.
قد يمنحك مالك حقوق الطبع والنشر تعليمات بشأن شكل الإقرار الواجب اتباعه لتوثيق عمله ؛ بخلاف ذلك ، اتبع النمط: "مستنسخ بإذن من [المؤلف] ، [كتاب / المجلة] ؛ نشره [الناشر] ، [السنة]." في نهاية شرح الجدول ، الشكل أو المخطط.












