The American conspiracy against Bolivia The role of the CIA in the events of the coup Nov. 4, 1964
Keywords:
المؤامرة, امريكا, بوليفيا, أنقلابAbstract
The American Central Intelligence Agency relies in performing its work tasks on recruiting local and international agents to work as recruited agents to serve American policy. Most of these recruits may not be aware of the information and documents related to the grand strategy of foreign policy paths, because that policy has multiple patterns and variables, and each case has a different picture in terms of orientations and determinants, and that the interpretation of the issue of intelligence intervention in the events of the coup of November 4, 1964 came for political reasons related to redrawing diplomatic relations that harmonize the goals of the American administration in various political, economic and military fields.
Most of the CIA employees worked as seconded employees at US diplomatic missions under government cover, so that they could access information related to the objectives of secret intelligence work. This gave the agency’s employees a great opportunity to work in any country, although there are official jobs for agency employees within embassies, such as supervising the organization of cooperation in the matter of providing aid, rehabilitating and developing the leadership of the military forces of friendly or cooperating countries with the US administration, or analyzing the risks of political and economic crises on American interests. On the other hand, the intelligence agency considers the process of collecting information through its agents to be unofficial, but rather dependent on illegal espionage strategies.
References
- CIA, Latin America Division, Subject: Increase of Subsidy Provided to the support its Covert Action Projects designed to break the power of the National Revolutionary Movement of the left (MNR) and the Communist Party of Bolivia (PCB), S.G.114, Washington, January. 20, 1964.
- CIA, National Security File, Country File, Bolivia, Vol. I, Memoranda, December 1963–July 1964. Secret, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 59, Central Files 1964, POL 14 BOL.
- CIA, National Security Files—Countries (hereafter NSF-CO), Report Top Secret From Henderson to Secretary of State Rusk, Subject “Development Crisis Administration for Government Cooperation in Bolivia'', Vol.1, Cables.12/63–7/63, box.7, 7 and 8 May, 1964.
- CIA, National Security Files—Countries (hereafter NSF-CO), Report Top Secret, DAILY BRIEF: Bolivia Violence may occur, Central Intelligence Bulletin, Jan.16, 1964.
- CIA, National Security, Socialist Workers Party in Bolivia, Central Intelligence Bulletin, March. 3, 1964.
- CIA, National Security Action, Memoranda No. (37): "Regarding the Soviet offer, Juan Lechín", Bolivian Foreign Ministry, "Bolivia Cables", Vol. 1, 1/64–7/64,” box. 7, RV-4/E-54, May.22, 1964.
- CIA, National Security Action, National Intelligence Estimate (NIE), Number 92-4, The Situation in Bolivia, July. 30, 1964.
- CIA, Directorate of Intelligence, Office if Current Intelligence, Secret, Intelligence Repot: Situation in Bolivia, Pentagon, CIA Behind Events In Bolivia, Nov.5, 1964.
- CIA, Directorate of Intelligence, Office if Current Intelligence, Secret, Intelligence Memorandum, Situation in Bolivia, OCI. No. 2053/64, Nov. 5, 1964.
- CIA, Directorate of Intelligence, Office if Current Intelligence, Report on Bolivia, The President's Daily Brief, Nov.19, 1964.
- U.S., Documents on American Foreign Relations 1964, Vol. 10, Renews Normal Relations with Bolivia, Dec. 7, 1964.
ثانياً:-الكتب الأجنبية :-
- David S. Meyer & Sidney Tarrow, The Social Movement Society and Politics (People, Passions, and Power: Social Movements, Interest Organizations Political in Bolivia), Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1997.
- Donna Lee Van Cott, "Institutional Change and Ethnic Parties in South America." Latin American Politics and Society, Vol. 4, No.2.
- Donna Lee Van Cott, Indigenous Peoples and Democracy: Issues for Policymakers. Indigenous Peoples and Democracy in Latin America, St. Martin's, New York, 1994.
- Harry H. Ransom, The Intelligence Establishment, Harvard University Press, 1970.
- James F. Siekmeier, The Bolivian Revolution and the United States, 1952 to the Present, Penn State Press,2011.
- James Malloy and Richard Thorn, Beyond the Revolution: Bolivia since 1952, Un. of Pittsburgh, 1971.
- Kenneth D. Lehman, Bolivia and the United States: A Limited Partnership, Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1999.
- Steven S. John, Permanent Revolution on the Altiplano: Bolivian Trotskyism: 1928--2005, City Univ. of New York, 2006.
- Thomas C. Field Jr., From Development to Dictatorship: Bolivia and the Alliance for Progress in the Kennedy Era, Cornell University Press Ithaca and London, 2014.
ثالثاً:-الموسوعات:-
- The Encyclopedia Americana, Vol.13, The International Reference Work, Copyright By American Corporation, New Jersey, New York, 2008.
- José de Mesa and Others, José de Mesa and Others, Historia de Bolivia, 3rd edition., Editorial Gisbert, La Paz, 2003.
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