هنري إل. ستيمسون (Henry L. Stimson) (1867 – 1950) ودوره السياسي في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية
Keywords:
Stimson, war, foreign, atomic bombAbstract
A statesman and one of the most prominent leaders of the American Republican Party, he had a strong influence on the foreign policy of the United States of America during the thirties and forties of the last century. He served in the administrations of five American presidents from 1911-1945. He worked in both Republican and Democratic administrations. He served as Secretary of War (1911-1913) under President William Howard Taft. He took over the State Department for the period (1929-1933) during the era of President Herbert Hoover, and launched his principle known as the "Stimson principle", which was adopted by the US government in its foreign policy towards Asia in 1932. He returned as Minister of War for the period (1940-1945) under the leadership of the two presidents Franklin Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman. He had a major role in supervising the Manhattan Project, which produced the atomic bomb, and participated in issuing the decision to drop atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and put an end to World War II.
References
- الوثائق الأمريكية المنشورة :
Walter Lippmann and William O. Scruggs, The United States in World Affairs an Account of American Foreign Relations 1931, Published for the Council on Foreign Relations, New York and London, 1932.
United States Government, Comparison Proposed New articles of War with the Present articles of War and Other Related Statutes, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1912.
U.S., Senate, Hearings Before Committee on Military Affairs ,July 8, 1940, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1940.
US Congress, Committee on Military affairs, revision of the articles of War, hearing ' before the- Committee on Military affairs House of representatives Sixty-Second Congress Seconds Session, being a project for the revision of the articles of War, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1912.
- الكتب الأجنبية :
Arthur Meier Schlesinger, The Coming of the New Deal, 1933-1935, Houghton Mifflin Company, New York, 2003.
Alfred A. Knopf, Colonel, The Life and Wars of Henry Stimson 1867-1950, New York,1990.
Barrett Tillman,D-Day Encyclopedia: Everything You Want to Know About the Normandy Invasion, Regnery Publishing, New Jersey, 2014.
Chris J. Magic and David Bernstein, Imperialism and Expansionism in American History: A Social, Political, and Cultural Encyclopedia and Document Collection, ABC-CLIO, California, 2015.
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Edmund Jan Osmańczyk, Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements, Vol.3, Third Edition , New York and London, 2003.
Elting E. Morrison, Turmoil and Tradition A Study of the Life and Times of Henry L. Stimson, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1960.
Henry L. Stimson, The Far Eastern Crisis ,Recollections and Observations, Harper Brothers Publishers, New York and London, 1936.
Henry L. Stimson and McGeorge Bundy, On Active Service in Peace and War, Harper Brothers Publishers, New York and London, 1948.
James Ciment and Thaddeus Russell , The Home Front Encyclopedia: United States, Britain, and Canada in World Wars I and II, Vol. 1, ABC-CLIO, California,2007.
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Rudolf V. A. Janssens, "What Future for Japan?": U.S. Wartime Planning for the Postwar Era, 1942-1945, Amsterdam, 1995.
Marquis James and Bessie R. James, The Story of Bank of America: Biography of a Bank, Beard Books, Washington D. C.,2002.
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Mayako Shimamoto, Henry A. Wallace’s Criticism of America’s Atomic Monopoly, 1945-1948, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016.
- الكتب العربية :
أحمد جلال بسيوني ، اختلاق الحرب الباردة دور الولايات المتحدة في تقسيم العالم 1945-1953، الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب ، القاهرة ، 2013.
دانيال ف. دافيز ونورمان لنجر، تاريخ الولايات المتحدة منذ 1945، ترجمة عبد العليم إبراهيم الأبيض ، الدار الدولية للنشر والتوزيع ، القاهرة ، 1990.
محمد محمود منطاوي ، الحروب الأهلية وآلية التعامل معها وفق القانون الدولي ، المركز القومي للإصدارات القانونية ، القاهرة ، 2015.
نعمة حسن البكر، الهيمنة الأمريكية بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية العلاقات البريطانية – الأمريكية " دراسة في العلاقات السياسية " 1945-1953، الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب ، القاهرة ، 2012.
- الرسائل والأطاريح الجامعية :
- الأجنبية
Esther Briney Chu, The Policy of Secretary of State Henry L. Stimson Toward China ,Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Northwestern University, Illinois, 1943.
- العربية
جمانة محمد راشد، التطورات الداخلية في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية ( ١٩٣٣-١٩٤١)، أطروحة دكتوراه غير منشورة ، كلية الآداب، جامعة بغداد،٢٠١٢.
- البحوث والدراسات المنشورة :
- الأجنبية
Arthur Salter, The Far Eastern Crisis. by Henry L. Stimson(book review), Pacific Affairs journal, Vol.10,No.1, University of British Columbia, 1937.
Claude M. Fuess, Henry L. Stimson, The Atlantic magazine, September 1941 .
Henry L. Stimson,The Pact of Paris: Three Years of Development, Foreign Affairs Magazine, New York,Vol.11,No.1, October 1932.
Henry L. Stimson, The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb, Harper's Magazine, Vol.194, No. 1161,( February 1947) .
Jack S. Cohen, The Revolution in Science in America, 1900- 1950, Substantia. An International Journal of the History of Chemistry, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2021.
John Bonnett, Jekyll and Hyde: Henry L. Stimson, Mentalite´, and the Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb on Japan,War in History Journal, Vol.4, No.2, April 1997 .
Julius H. Amberg, On Active Service in Peace and War, by Henry L. Stimson and McGeorge Bundy, Indiana Law Journal, Vol. 24, No. 1,Fall 1948.
Keir Sterling, Henry L Stimson: The First Wise Man ,by David F. Schmitz (Book Review), Army History, The Professional Bulletin of Army history, No. 52, Washington, D.C., Spring 2001.
Ronald Takaki,50 Years After Hiroshima, Dissent Magazine, Summer 1995.
Sean Malloy,Four Days in May: Henry L. Stimson and the Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb, he Asia-Pacific Journal,Japan, Vol.7, No. 14 , April 4, 2009.
Masahiro Morioka, The Trolley Problem and the Dropping of Atomic Bombs, Journal of Philosophy of Life Vol.7, No.2 (August 2017).
Thomas Holmes, The Dropping of Atomic Bombs on Japan, Social Education Journal, Vol. 69, No.4 , National Council for the Social Studies, Columbia, May-June 2005 .
- العربية
وسام هادي عكار ، دور اليابان في مؤتمري جنيف ولندن لنزع السلاح البحري (1927-1930) " دراسة تاريخية ، مجلة كلية التربية الأساسية ، الجامعة المستنصرية، المجلد 26، العدد 107/إنساني/ ، 2020.
الصحف الأجنبية :-
The New-York Tribune Newspaper, Vol. LXV ,No. 21,606, January 11, 1906.
The New-York Tribune Newspaper, Vol. LXX ,No. 23,356, October 27, 1910.
The New-York Tribune Newspaper, Vol. LXXI ,No. 23,554, May 13,1911.
The New-York Tribune Newspaper, Vol. LXXX ,No. 26,846, May 17,1920.
The Herald and News ,South Carolina, Vol. XLVIII, No. 90, November 11, 1910.
The Topeka state Journal (Topeka, Kansas.), April 9, 1917.
Heart Mountain Sentinel Newspaper, Vol. II, No. 5, January 30, 1943.
The Rohwer Outpost Newspaper ,Arkansas, Vol. II, No. 9, January 30, 1943.
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