American Politics towards Iraq 1991-1998
Keywords:
سياسة, امريكا, العراقAbstract
The research includes a historical study of the conditions that Iraq went through after its defeat in the Desert Storm War, and its withdrawal from Kuwait, and how the American administration began exploiting those circumstances to start fragmenting Iraq and preventing its effectiveness, which took the form of threatening to use economic sanctions, and imposing UN committees that in turn adopted the issue of disarming and destroying it. His War arsenal, and how those committees reached the stage of inciting the Security Council to issue a resolution against Iraq, and how this decision had a role that paved the way for winning the war option, which was represented by Operation Desert Fox, which the United States launched against Iraq under the pretext of its non-compliance with United Nations resolutions.
References
أولاً: الوثائق الأجنبية.
( ) I. F. R. ,Vol 11-12: 1988-1992, Doc 182, Statement on the Gulf War and the Middle East by Secretary of State Baker and Foreign Minister Bessmertnykh, 29 January 1991.
( )I. F. R. , Vol 11-12, 1988-1992, Doc 194 Summary of a meeting between Prime Minister Shamir and Secretary of State Baker- 12 March 1991.
( ) I. F. R. , Vol 13-14: 1992-1994, Doc 132, Joint Press Conference Rabin-Clinton- the White House, 12 November 1993.
ثانياً: الكتب العربية والمعربة:
( ) أفنر كوهين, نحو شرق أوسط جديد- اعادة النظر في المسألة النووية, دراسات عالمية, مركز الامارات للدراسات والبحوث الإستراتيجية, ابوظبي, 1994.
( ) دوغلاس ج. فايث, الحرب والقرار من داخل البنتاغون تحت عنوان الحرب ضدَّ الإرهاب, ترجمة: سامي بعقليني, ط1, دار الانتشار العربي, بيروت, 2010.
( ) مذكرات جيمس بيكر, سياسة الدبلوماسية, ط1, مكتبة مدبولي, القاهرة, 1999.
( ) ستيفن غروبارد, حرب السيد بوش, ترجمة: خالد ايوب, ط1, الاهلية للنشر والتوزيع, عمان, 1992.
( ) أحمد سعيد نوفل, دور إسرائيل في تفتيت الوطن العربي, ط2, مركز الزيتونة للدراسات والاستشارات, بيروت, 2010.
( ) غازي حسين, الشرق الأوسط بين الصهيونية العالمية والامبريالية الأمريكية, اتحاد الكتاب العرب, دمشق, 2005.
( ) مذكرات جورج دبليو بوش- قرارات مصيرية, ط2, شركة المطبوعات للتوزيع والنشر, بيروت, 2013.
( ) عبدالكريم العلوجي, الإعلام والحرب- العراق نموذجاً, ط1, الدار الثقافية للنشر, القاهرة, 2010.
( ) عباس محمود العقاد, الصهيونية العالمية, دار المعارف, مصر, 2001.
( ) مجدي كامل, الفوضى البنّاءة..الدمار الخلّاق.. الثورات الملوّنة.. والشرق الأوسط الجديد الذي تريده أمريكا, دار الكتاب العربي, دمشق, 2014.
( ) عبد الرزاق حسن, التوجه العسكري للكيان الصهيوني نحو البحر الأحمر, دار الشؤون الثقافية العامة, بغداد, 1987.
( ) محمد مورو, الإسلام وأمريكا- حوار أم مواجهة؟, تحليل لكتاب الفرصة السانحة لريتشارد نيكسون, سور الأزبكية, (د.م), 2001.
( ) نعوم تشومسكي, النظام العالمي القديم والجديد, ترجمة: عاطف معتمد عبدالحميد, نهضة مصر, القاهرة, 2003.
( ) ويسلي كلارك, الانتصارات في الحروب الحديثة- العراق والإرهاب والإمبراطورية الأمريكية, ترجمة: عمر الأيوبي, دار الكتاب العربي, بيروت, 2004.
( ) جون ج. ميرشايمر وستيفن م. والت, اللوبي الإسرائيلي والسياسة الخارجية الأمريكية, ترجمة: أنطوان باسيل, ط1, شركة المطبوعات للتوزيع والنشر, بيروت, 2007.
( ) علي عبدالجليل علي, الحرب على العراق- رؤية توراتية يهودية, ط1, دار اسامة للنشر والتوزيع, عمان, 2004.
ثالثاً: الكتب الأجنبية:
( ) Shlomo Gazit and Zeev Eytan, the Middle east military balance 1993-1994, Tel Aviv Univershty, Jaffee Center for strategic studies, Jerusalem, 1994.
( ) Guy wint and peter Calvocoressi, Guy wint and peter Calvocoressi, Middle East crisis, penguin B00ks, Victoria, 1957.
( ) Rachel Bronson, Thicker than oil, America's Uneasy partnership with Saudi Arabia, p. 200.
( ) Webster Griffin Tarpley and Anton Chaitkin, George Bush- The Unauthorized Biography, Washington, 1992 .
( ) Ralph G. Carter, Contemporary cases in U.S Foreign Policy, from terrorism to Trade, Fifth Edition, Twxas Christian University, 2014.
( ) Louis Rene Beres, Israel's Nuclaer Strategy and America's National Security, Tel Aviv University, Desember, 2016.
( ) Daniel Lieberfeld, Theories of Conflict and the Iraq War, International Journal of Peace Studies, Volume 10, Number 2, Autumn/ Winter 2005.
( ) Dov Waxman, From Jerusalem to Baghdad? Israel and the War in Iraq, (Article in International studies perspectives), University of California, Los Angeles, February 2009.
( ) Ibrahim AL-Marashi, The Modern History of Iraq, 4 Edition, Califorrnia- San Marcos, 2017.
( ) Wall Street Journal, 17 Jan, 1992.
رابعاً: البحوث والمقالات العربية والمعربة:
( ) الملف, المجلد السابع والثامن والتاسع, العدد 7/79 تشرين الثاني/نوفمبر 1990– 1/97 نيسان/أبريل 1992.
( ) التقرير الاستراتيجي العربي 1991, مركز الدراسات السياسية والاستراتيجية بالأهرام, القاهرة, 1992.
( ) افي بيكر, ضبط التسلح بدون جلاسنوست, مجلة: مختارات إسرائيلية, مركز الدراسات السياسية والاستراتيجية بالأهرام, القاهرة, السنة الأولى, العدد الثاني, فبراير1995.
( )راضي سلمان, أمن إسرائيل بعد تجربة حرب الخليج, مجلة الدراسات الفلسطينية, المجلد 2, العدد 6, ربيع 1991.
( )تطوّر العقيدة العسكرية الإسرائيلية خلال 35 عاما, ط1, مركز الدراسات الفلسطينية, قبرص, 1983.
( ) مجلة القضية الفلسطينية في شهر, العددان 16و17, السنة الثامنة, آب– أيلول 1985.
( ) لوبي يهودي جديد في الولايات المتحدة, مجلة القضية الفلسطينية في شهر, العدد 15, السنة الثامنة, تموز 1985.
( ) يعقوب ايرز عمانوئيل روزن, مقابلة مع نائب رئيس الأركان اللواء أمنون شاحاك – ليفكين: كل الوسائل جاهزة لمنع أي دولة عربية من امتلاك قدرة نووية, معاريف, 17/4/1992. ترجمة: الملف, ص616.
( ) مظهر خزعل فيصل, دور الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية في التسوية العربية الإسرائيلية منذ عام 1991, اطروحة دكتوراة, كلية العلوم السياسية, جامعة بغداد, 2004.
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( )مجلة: مختارات إسرائيلية, مركز الدراسات السياسية والاستراتيجية, السنة الرابعة, العدد 40, ابريل 1998, مطابع الأهرام, القاهرة.
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