تطور الإِقتصاد الياباني (1868-1912) The Evolution of the Japanese Economy (1868-1912)
Abstract
المُلخص:
إمتلكت اليابان من القوة والتجانس والوحدة الثقافية ، ما أهلها التمتُع بالإستقلالِ السياسي ، على الرغم من( المُعاهدات غير المُتكافئة Unequal treaty ) التي فرضتها عليها الدول الغربية أبان حُكم أسرة ( توكوﮔـاوا Tokugawa 1603-1867)، إذ إختارت بإرادتها العيش في( العُزلة Sakoku ) الطوعية عن العالم الخارجي ، التي مثلت قراراً دفاعياً ووقائياً وإستباقياً سعى إلى إبعاد البلاد عن مخاطرِ التبشير ، مُجسداً بذلك التحولات الأساسية والمُهمة في الفكرِ السياسي الياباني الحديث. على أن طبيعة اليابان الجُغرافية أسهمت هي الأخرى في تعزيزِ حصانتها من أيّ غزو أجنبي وأبعدتها عن المُشكلاتِ التي شهدتها القارة الأسيوية. وعلى وفقِ ماتقدم يهدُف هذا البحث إلى دراسة المسّوغات التي إعتمدتها اليابان في وضع اللُبنة الأساسية لنموها الإقتصادي للأعوام (1868-1912)، بغية تطوير البلاد والإرتقاء بها على الصُعَّد كافة ، وهو ما إستلزم وضع الخُطط الناجعة لتطوير إقتصادها والكفيلة بنهوضِ جميع قطاعاتهِ
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 ا.د. وليد عبود محمد, ا.م.د وسام هادي عكار
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licensing:
For all articles published in Journal of Studies in History and Archeology, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers: It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Al-Adab Journal cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.
