أهم المعادن التي عرفها حرفيو العراق القديم
Abstract
تمهيد
تعد المعادن من أهم المواد الخام الضرورية لكثير من الحرف والصناعات الفنية، إذ استعملت المعادن بحرفية منذ العصر الشبيه بالكتابي، طور أوروك.
إذ يرجع الفضل في تطور الحضارة والثقافة والفنون وتقدمها، كفن النحت على الحجر والنحت من المعدن على حد سواء، وأدوات الزراعة، إلى اكتشاف المعادن واستعمالها في العراق القديم([i])، إذ إن أدوات العمل المعدنية كالفؤوس والشواقيل ساعدت على تطور الفن المعماري وأدوات النحت كالازميل والمطرقة ساعدت على عمل المنحوتات الرائعة، وعمل المحراث والفؤوس والمعازق والمنجل ساعدت على تطور الزراعة، فضلاً عن ذلك فإن فنانو العراق القديم خلفوا اثاراً فنية هائلة من القطع الفنية المعدنية المتمثلة بالتماثيل والآلات الموسيقية الرائعة والحلي رائعة الصياغة، يصل بعضها إلى حد الاعجاز نسبة إلى زمنها وحتى إلى زمننا هذا.
([i]) لاوي، سليم، المعادن، "وأول المستعمل منها في هذه البلاد"، مجلة سومر، مجلد2، 1946، ص89.
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