الاساليب العثمانية المتبعة في تخطيط المدن الاسلامية خارج بلاد العرب ابان القرن (10ھـ \ 16م)
Abstract
ﻣﻠﺨﺺ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ:
في الوقت الذي ﻛﺎن فيه اﻟﻤﺪ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻧﺤﺴﺎر ﺗﺎم ﻓﻲ اورﺑﺎ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﻧﺠﺪه ﻳﺼﻨﻊ اﻟﺤﻀﺎرة والتاريخ ويضع اسس المدنية والعمارة الاسلامية ﻓﻲ أجزائها اﻟﺸﺮﻗﯿﺔ والجنوبية الشرقية ،في اعقاب تحريرها من اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة اﻟﺒﯿﺰﻧﻄﯿﻨﯿﺔ على يد اﻟﻤﺴﻠمين مطلع القرن العاشر الهجري ، السادس عشر للميلاد،حيث ﻧﺠﺢ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﯿﻮن،ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻰ اﻟﻰ معظم اﻷﻗﺎﻟﯿﻢ واﻟﻤﺪن اﻟاوربية اﺑﺎن اﻟﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻗﺎده ﺳﻼﻃﯿﻦ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ ووزراﺋﻬﺎ وولاتها وامرائها ،كان ابرزها انشاء مدينة ادرنة (ادرﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﻳﻞ)واتخاذها اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ اﻻورﺑﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ في اوربا(ﺳﻨﺔ 753ھـ1353/م)واﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ واﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﯿﺶ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ، ﻓﺘﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺮاد اﻷول ﻣﻦ ﻗﯿﺎدة ﺣﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻧﺠﺢ ﻓﯿﻬﺎ وﻻول ﻣﺮة ﻣﻦ دﺧﻮل اﻟﻤﺪن اﻟﺒﻠﻘﺎﻧﯿﺔ واﻗﺎﻟﯿﻤﻬﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ (763ھـ1361/م) ﺛﻢ ﺗﺒﻌﻬﺎ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﻔﺎﺗﺢ(895–855ھـ1481–1451/م)بحملته اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺎدھﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ(857ھـ 1453/م)،ﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﻘﺴﻄﻨﻄﯿﻨﯿﺔ، واﺗﺨﺎذھﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 اكرام محمد يحيى
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licensing:
For all articles published in Journal of Studies in History and Archeology, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers: It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Al-Adab Journal cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.
