Mansour Al-Amiri In light of Arnold Toynbee’s challenge-response theory 371-392 AH / 981-1002 AD. Journal of Studies in History and Archeology, [S. l.], n. 86, p. 187–220, 2023. Disponível em: https://jcoart.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/2075-3047/article/view/615.. Acesso em: 22 dec. 2024.