The lands of western sudan according to the book Al ـ Mughrib fi Dhikr Bilad lfriqiya wal ـ maghrib by Abu Ubayd al ـ Bakri (D487AH / 1094 AD ). JSHA. 2025;(97):830-857. Accessed July 14, 2025. https://jcoart.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/2075-3047/article/view/1292